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2 Public Schools. 

"In June 1830, Mr. Stephen Forbes commenced a school near tlie place now 
marked by the meeting of Randolph Street and Michigan Avenue. This was on tlie 
west bank of the Chicago River, which then flowed in a southerly direction, and 
emptied in the lake near the foot of Madison Street." 

Mr. Forbes was employed by Mr. J. B. Beaubien previously spoken of, 

and by Lieut. Hunter, who resigned his commission in 1836 and became a citizen 

of Chicago, and was afterwards more generally known during the War of the 

Rebellion as Major General Hunter. 

'•Mr Forbes' school numbered about twenty-five pupils, of ages from four to 
twenty, and embraced the children of those belonging to the Fort, and of Mr. .1. B. 
Beaubien, and a few others. It was taught in a large, low, gloomy log building, 
which had five rooms. The walls of the school-room were afterwards enlivened by 
a tapestry of white cotton sheeting. The house belonged to Mr. Beaubien, and had 
been previously occupied by the Sutler of the Fort." 

The teacher lived in part of the building, and was assisted in school by 
his wife. After teaching a year, he gave way to Mr. Foot. Mr. Forbes after- 
wards became Sheriff of the County, and some twenty years ago was living in 
Newburg, Ohio. 

Col. Richard J. Hamilton appears next as a patron of schools. In 1831 
he became Commissioner of School Lands for Cook County, and had charge of the 
school funds till he was succeeded, in 1840, by Mr. William H. Brown. In the 
spring of 1833, Col. Hamilton and Col. Owen employed Mr. John Watkinsto teach 
school in the North Division, near Col. Hamilton's house. It is stated in Mr. 
Wells' report that the two gentlemen, Messrs. Hamilton and Owen, afterwards 
built a house on the north bank of the river, just east of Clark street, in which 
Mr. Watkins continued his school, and that this was the first house built for a 
school in Chicago. But this does not recur to Mr. Watkins' recollection. In 
1879, Mr. Watkins wrote a letter to the Calumet Club, bearing date Joliet, 111., 
Tune 22, 1879, from which the following extracts are made : 

•' I arrived in Chicago in May, 1832, and have always had the reputation of being 
its first schoolteacher. I never heard my claim disjjuted. I commenced teaching 
in the fall after the Blackhawk War, 1832. My first school-house was situated on the 
North Side, about half way between the lake and the forks of the river, then known 
as Wolf Point. The building belonged to Col. Richard J. Hamilton, was erected tor 
a horse stable, and had been used as such. It was twelve feet square. My benches 
and desks were made of old store-boxes. The school was started by private sub- 
scription. Thirty scholars were subscribed for, but many subscribed who had no 
children. So it was a sort of free school, there not being thirty children in town. 
During my first quarter I had but twelve scholars, only four of them were white : the 
others were quarter, half, and three-quarter Indians. "After theflist quarter I moved 
my school into a double log-house on the West Side. It was owned by Rev. Jesse 
Walker, a Methodist minister, and was located near the bank of the river, where the 
North and South Branches meet. He resided in one end of the building, and I taught 
in the other. On Sundays, Father Walker preached in the room where I taught. 

"In the winter of 1832-3, Billy Caldwell, a half-breed chief of the Pottawattamie 
Indians, better known as " Saug'anasli," offered to pay the tuition and buy books tor 
all Indian children who would attend school, if they would dress like the Americans, 
and he would also pay for their clothes. But not a single one would accept the 
proposition, conditioned upon the change of apparel. 

" When I first went to Chicago, there was but one frame building there, and it 
was a store owned by Robert A. Kinzie. The rest of the houses were made of logs. 
There were no bridges ; the river was crossed by canoes. 

" I will now give you the names of some of my scholars :— Thomas, William and 
George Owen ; Richard Hamilton ; Alexander, f liilip and Henry Beaubien ; and 
Isaac N.Harmon, now a merchant in Chicago." 

When Mr. Watkins discontinued teaching does not appear, but he was 
teaching in 1835, on the North side. The next school that we hear of, was 
taught by Miss Eliza Chappel, from Rochester, N. Y., who, in the autumn of 
1833 began teaching in Chicago. She afterward married Rev. Jeremiah Porter, 



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Historical Sketches 



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Historical Sketches. 3 

who came to Chicago about the same time. They are both now living in Cali- 
fornia. 

In a San Francisco paper, The Pacific, of December 10th, 1879, Mr 
Porter says : — 

" Miss Cluippel. after two years of labor at Mackinac, and having secured other 
teachers from the East for tliat and other schools, came to the family of Major Wilcox 
at Fort Dearborn, and as soon as a room could be found, opened a school for the 
town and Fort children." 

" One female teacher, it is thought, had preceded her in that place." 

Outside this faint tradition, no other trace of this unknown pioneer school- 
ma'am can be found. 

Mr. "Wells says that " Miss Chappel's school was an Infant Scliool, of about 20 
children, kept in a log house on South Water Street, a short distance west of the 
grounds belonging to the Fort." 

In tlie latter part of the same year. "Mr. G. T. Sproat," savs Mr. Wells, " came 
from Boston, and opened an English and Classical School for Bovs, in a small house 
of worship belonguig to the First Baptist Church, on South Water Street, near 
Franklin." lu March of 183-1, Bliss Sarah L. Warren, who afterward became Mrs. 
Abel E. Carpenter, l)ecame an assistant in Mr. Sproat 's School ; and from her letters 
of a later time, Mr. Wells gives the following interesting extract : 

"I boarded at Elder Freeman's. His house must have been situated some four 
or five blocks southeast of the School, near Mr. Snow's, wilh scarce a house between. 
What few buildings there were then, were mostly on Water Street. I used to go 
across without regard to streets. It was not uncommon in going to and from school, 
to see prairie wolves, and we could hear them howl any time in the day. We were 
frequently annoyed by Indians; hut the great difficulty we had to encounter was 
mud. No person now. can have a just idea of what Chicago mud used to be. Rub- 
bers were of no account. I purchased a pair of gentlemen's brogans- and fastened 
them tight about the ankle, but would still go over them in mud and water, and was 
obliged to have a pair of men's boots made."' 

Mr. Sproat's School, in which Miss Warren remained from March, 1834, to 
June, 1836, became what was called a Public Schoolxa. 1834 ; that is, if the teacher 
kept a record according to the statute, and had it properly certified by certain 
school officers, "the public money" or income on school funds was apportioned 
to him ; and this was so much of an aid to the subscribers to the school. Though 
the school laws were altered now and then in this period of our history, the 
general plan was, that teachers or interested parties would get up a school by 
subscription, and apply /r^ rata, upon the subscriptions, the public money secured 
by the official recognition. How much that should be, depended upon the ratio 
of all attendances in the District to the amount on hand, and this depended upon 
the financial skill and fidelity with which school funds were managed. The 
law of 1833 required that teachers of public schools should give gratuitous 
instruction to orphans and children of indigent parents, duly presented for that 
purpose. 

In most parts of the State, the school lands, given by the general government, 
were sold at a very early date and at a very low price. Thus, in Chicago, in 
October, 1833, the entire School Section, divided into one hundred and forty-two 
blocks, was sold at auction for $38,619.47, only four blocks being reserved. The 
four blocks of the School Section reserved from the sale were, Block 1, bounded 
by Madison, Halsted and Monroe Streets, and by South Union Street extended, 
on which are located the High and the Scammon School buildings; Blocks 87 
and 88, lying between Fifth Avenue and the River, and between Harrison and 
Polk Streets; and Block 142, bounded by Madison, State, Monroe and Dearborn 
Streets. The School Section was located in the heart of the city, being bounded 



4 Public Schools. 

by Madison, State, Twelfth and Halsted Streets. Its present value is told in 
millions of dollars. 

Mr. Sproat's school was continued until it was merged in the regular 
public school system by Dr. Henry Van der Bogart, who took it, and left it in 
1834, being succeeded by Mr. Thomas Wright, who was followed in 1835 by 
Mr James McClellan. During the Winter of 1834-5 Mr. George Davis opened 
a school on Lake Street, over a store, between Dearborn and Clark streets, 
which he continued in 1835 in the Presbyterian Church on Clark Street ; and at 
the same time Mr. Watkins' school is kept up on the North Side, as a public 
school, in a house just east of Clark Street, put up for the purpose by Cols. 
Hamilton and Owen. 

Recurring to Miss Chappel's "Infant School" we find ihat it became very pop- 
ular, and was moved into the better accommodations furnished by the First Pres- 
byterian Church, on the west side of Clark Street, between Lake and Randolph. 
An appropriation made to her in 1834 entitled her school to rank as the first 
public school in Chicago. A portion of her school was of pupils of ten and 
twelve years of age; and as this older portion became more important, the char- 
acter of the school changed so as to embrace all grades. She had for her 
assistants Miss Elizabeth Beach and Miss Mary Burrows. To quote again from 
her husband's article in The Pacific : 

"Afterwards, with assistant teachers, she took a house and opened a boarding 
school, and received cliildren from the country, wlio aided in liousekeei>ins, and in 
part paiil for tuition and board by bringmg provisions fioin their lioines for the school 
family." 

"One object of the school," says Mr. Wells, at this time, "was to train up 

teachers for the common schools in the new settlements." 

In the Winter of 1834-5 Miss Chappel gave up her school and was succeeded 

by Miss Ruth Leavenworth, who afterward became Mrs. Joseph Hanson. For 

this school, was built the first house erected in Chicago specifically for school 

purposes, put up at his own expense by John S. Wright, Esq., on the church 

lot, just south of Lake Street. Mr. Porter says of it : 

" In 1835 our young Sunday School Librarian, Mr. Jolm S. Wright, built at his 
own expense, on Clark Stieet, a school house for their own use, and that house soon 
became the public school house, and Miss huth Leavenworth was secured by Miss 
Chappel as its teacher." Mr. Wright himself says of it, in 1867, in his ' Chicago'. Past. 
Present and Future," page 263 : " The honor is due to my sainted mother. Having 
then plenty of money, it was spent very much as she desired. Interested in an 
infant school, she wanted the building, aiid ii was built." 

In the Spring of 1836, Miss Leavenworth's school was discontinued ; 

and in the same building Miss Frances Langdon Willard opened a school 

for the instruction of young ladies in the higher branches of education. She 

was a very energetic and laborious teacher. Her private record of her pupils 

is now in the possession of her nephew, Dr. Samuel Willard, of the Chicago 

High School, and enrolls the name of many who became matrons of our city. 

Miss Louisa Gifford (afterwards Mrs. Dr. Dyer) became her assistant; and 

after a primary department was added and it became a public school, it passed 

into Miss Gilford's hands; and Miss Willard opened another school on her 

original plan, which she did not continue more than about a year. She 

subsequently married Rev. John Ingersoll. 



Historical Sketches. 5 

The curious searcher in the old statute books of the State of Illinois will 
find in the Acts of 1835, an Act adopted in February of that year which 
establishes a special School System for Township thiity-nine north, Range 14 
east of the Third Principal Meridian; and by his map he finds this means Chi- 
cago. The Incorporation of the City by the next Legislature caused the repeal 
of this Act, but it belongs to the history of our schools. Its substance was 
as follows : 

Sections 1, 2 and 3 provide that the legal voters shall elect annually, on 
the first Monday in June, either five or seven School InspecifTs, who were to 
examine teachers, prescribe text books, visit the schools, etc. They were to 
recommend to the County Commissioners the division of the township into dis- 
tricts, and the Commissioners were required to lay off, divide and alter the dis- 
tricts as ihe Inspectors might from time to time recommend. 

Section 4. "The legal voters in each School District shall annually elect 
three persons to be Trustees of Common Schools, whose duty it shall be to 
employ suitable and qualified teachers; to see that the schools are free, and that 
all white children in the District have an opportunity of attending them, under 
such regulations as the Inspectors may make ; to take charge of the school- 
houses and of all the school property belonging to the District, and to manage 
the whole financial concerns thereof. The said Trustees shall annually levy and 
collect a tax sufficient to defray the necessary expense of fuel, rent of school- 
room, and furniture for the same; and they shall levy and collect such addi- 
tional taxes as a majority of the legal voters of the District, at a meeting called 
for that purpose shall direct : Provided that such additional taxes shall never 
exceed one-half of one per cent, per annum upon all the taxable property in 
the District; all of which taxes, the said Trustees shall have full power to rssess 
and collect." 

It will be observed that the Inspectors had no power to elect teachers or 
fix their compensation; their real power was small. Again, the Trustees were 
to see that the schools were free ; but they had not the power of levying any 
tax to pay teachers — only a voter's neeting could do thft; and upon the results 
of such meetings the practical working of the scheme depended. 

Mr. John Brown taught a private school in the North Division, near the 
corner of Dearborn and Wolcott Streets, in 1836, and until March, 1837. He 
ceased to teach in consequence of being severely beaten by some of his pupils, 
and sold out his lease to Mr. Edward Murphy, who took decided means to secure 
success. On opening his school with thirty-six pupils, he addressed them, 
setting forth the necessity of observing the rules of the school and promising 
chastisement to those who should infringe them. 

"The day after," says Mr. Murphy, " 1 placed an oak sapling, an inch in elianieter 
on my dtsk. That afternoon a Mr. S, who owned the buiUling.came into Ihe school 
room, and seeing the walls decoi aled with caricatures and likenesses of almost every 
animal from a rabbit to an elephant, lie got in a raging passion, and used rather 
abusive language. 1 complained, he became more violent. I walked to my desk, 
took the sapiing and shouted 'clear out,' which he obeyed by a rapid movement. 
This iritling Incident ett'ectually calmed the ringleaders, some of whom now occupy 
honorable and respectable positions in society." 

Mr. Murphy's vigorous administration secured the admiration of the school 
officers, who rented the building (it is to be hoped they whitewashed the walls) 



6 Public Schools. 

and made him a public school teacher, from August, 1837, to November, 1838, 
at a salary of ^800 per annum. 

The earliest records of the Public Schools of the Cify of Chicago to be found 
among the official documents of the City commence with the Incorporation of the 
City in the year 1837. From this time till about the year 1840 there does not 
appear to have been any system outlined which gave uniformity of action in the 
management of the various public schools of the city. The records appear to 
show that there were, in the year 1837, seven School Districts, there is nothing 
however, to indicate where these Districts were located. From the records of the 
election of Trustees of School Districts held about that time, and from the names 
of the Teachers signed to the reports from the various Districts, Districts One and 
Two, and perhaps District No. Three, were in the South Division of the City ; 
Districts No's Four and Five were in the West Division of the city ; and Dis- 
tricts No's Six and Seven were in the North Division of the City. The reports 
of attendance in these Districts do not appear to have been made with any very 
great regularity, and in many of the Districts; the schools appear to have been 
closed for much of the year, and in some of them, there does not appear to have 
been any school held, as, for instance. District No. 6. 

The following are the provisions for Public Schools contained in the City 
Charter, approved March 4, 1837, at the time of the Incorporation of the City _. 

«EC. 83. That the Common Council of the City of Chicago, shall, by virtue of 
their office, be Commissioners of Common Schools in and for the said city, and shall 
have and possess all the rights, powers, anil authority necessary for the proper 
management of said schools. 

Sec. 84. The said Common Council shall have power to lay off and divide the 
said city into School Districts, and from time to tir.ie alter the same and create new 
ones, as circumstances may require. 

Sec. 85. The Common Council shall annually appoint a number of Inspectors of 
Common Schools in said city, not exceeding twelve, and not le.ss than five, and in 
case of a vacancy in the oftice, the Common Council shall from time to time appomt 
others; which Inspectors, or some of tliem, shall visit all the Public Schools in said 
city at least once a month, inquire into the progress of the scholars, and the govern- 
ment of the schools, examine all pcr.sons offering themselves as candidates for 
teachers, and when found well qualilied give them certificates thereof gratuitously, 
and remove them for any good cause ; and it shall be the duty of the said Inspectors 
to report to ihe Common Council, from time to time, any suggestions and improve- 
ments that they may deem necessary or proper for the prosperity of said schools. 

Sec. 86. That the legal voters in each School J>istrict .shall annually elect three 
persons to be Trustees of Con.mon Schools therein, whose duty it shall be to employ 
qualified and suitable Teachers, to pay the wages of such Teachers, when qualilied, 
out of the money which shall come into their hands from the Commissioner of School 
Lands, so far as' such monev sliall be sufficient for that purpose, and to collect the 
residue of such wages from all persons liable therefor. They shall call special meet- 
ings of the inhabitants of the District liable to pay taxes whenever they shall deem it 
necessary and proper, shall give notice of the tune and place for si)ecial district 
meetings at least live days before said meeting shall be held by leaving a written or 
printed notice thereof at the place of abode of each of said inhabitants, make 
out a tax list of every district tax which the inhabitants of said district may, by a vote 
of amajoritypresent", direct at an V meeting, called as aforesaid, for that purpose, which 
list shall contain the names of all the taxable Inhabilant.s residing in the district at 
the time of making out the list, and the amount of tax payable by each inhabitant 
set opposite his name, which tax inav be levied uiioii tlie real and personal estate of 
said inhabitants ; they sliall annex to such tax list a warrant directed to one of the 
City (Constables residliig in the Ward in which said Dislnct may be for the collection 
of the sums in said list hientioned, and said Constable shall receive live cents on each 
dollar thereof for his fees. The said Trustees shall have power to piucliasp or lease a 
a site for the District School House, as designated by a meeting ot the District, and 
to build, hire or purchase, keep in repair and furnish said school house with necessary 
fuel and appendages, out of the funus collected and paid to them for such purposes. 
Sec. 87. The Trustees of each District shall, at the end of every quarter, make a 
report to the School Inspectors in writing, setting forth the number of schools withm 
the District, the time that each has been taught during the previous quarter, and by 
whom, the number of scholars at each school, and the time of their attendance 



Historical Sketches. 7 

during the quarter, to be ascertained from an exact list or roll of the scholars' names 
to be kept by the teacher for that purpose, which list shall be sworn to or affirmed by 
said teacher. 

Sec. 88. That it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of School Lands in Cook 
County to make, semi-annually, to tlie Common Council of said city, a full and 
correct report, in such manner as they shall direct of the state of the School Fund 
arising from tlie sale or lease of school hinds in Township 39 N, K 14 East, in Cook 
County, with Ihe interest accruing thereon. 

Sec. 89. Tlie School Inspectors sliall quarterly apportion said school money 
among the several Districts in said city according to the number of scholars in each 
school therein between the ages of five and twenty-one, and also according to the 
time that each scliolar has actually attended sucli school during the previous 
quarter, to be ascertained by the reports of said Trustees and Teachers. 

Sec. 90. Wlienever the said aiiportionment sliall have been made, the School 
Inspectors shall make out a scliedule tliereof, setting fortli the amount due to each 
District, the person or persons entitled to receive the same, and shall deliver the said 
schedule, togetlier wiili the report of tlie Trustees, and the lists or rolls of the 
Teachers to tlie Common Council, and thereupon the said Common Council shall 
i.ssue a warrant directed to the Commissioner of School Lands, to pay over such part 
of the interest of tlie scliool moneys of said Township as shall be therein expressed ; 
Provided that notliing herein contained shall authorize the expenditure of the 
Principal of any part of the School Fund. 

Sec. 91. The freeholders and inhal)itants of any School District in the said city, 
by a vote of two-thirds of the persons present and entitled to vote, at a meeting of 
such district convened after notice of tlie object of said meeting shall have oeen 
publislied for one week in tlie corporation newspaper of the said city, and after said 
notice shall have been served on every such freeholder or inhabitant by reading the 
same to liiin, or, in case of his absence, by leaving the same at his place of residence 
at least five days previoustosncli meeting may determine either separately or in con- 
junction with any other School District or Districts in the said city, to have a High 
School created for such District or Districts as shall so agree to unite for that purpose, 
and may vote a sum not exceeding five thousand dollars to be raised for erecting a 
buildins? for such High School. And on evidence of such votes, and of such notice 
having been published and served as above provided, being presented to the Common 
Council, they may. in their discretion, authorize the erecting of a High School in such 
District, or may authorize the several Districts so agreeing to be erected into one 
District, whicli shall hereafter form one School District, and all the property, right 
and interest of the several Districts so united shall belong to and be vested in the 
Trustees of the said united Districts, and the Trustees thereof shall have all the 
power of Trustees of Scliool Districts, shall be elected in the same manner, and 
shall be subject to all the duties and obligations of Trustees of Common School 
Districts. 

Sec. 92. Tlie Common Council shall annually publish on the second Tuesday of 
February, in the corporation newspaper of the city, the number of pupils instructed 
therein the preceding year, the several branches of education pursued by them, and 
the receipts and expenditures of each school, specifying the sources of such receipts 
and the object of such expenditures. 

The reports for the quarter ending November 1, 1837, show the following 

attendance at the various schools then in session : 

District. Tcaclicrs. Pupils Enrolled. 

One George C. Collins 113 

Two James McClellan 107 

Three Hiram Baker 52 

Five Otis King 44 

Seven Edward JMurphy 84 

Total 400 

The following rule governing the length of the Terms of the schools and 

defining what constituted one quarter of schooling was adopted August, 1837 : 

" The quarters shall begin on the first Mondays in February, May, August and 
November, and continue five and a half days in each week, which time shall be 
understood to constitute one quarter of one year's schooling, and for teaching to the 
satisfaction of all concerned such time, the teacher shall be entitled to one quarter 
of a year's .salary." 

The scliool house in District No. 5 was located on the west side of Canal 

street, a little north of Lake street, opposite the old building still standing on the 

northeast corner of Canal and Lake streets, known at that time as the Green 

Tree Hotel. During the Winter of 1838, it was taught by Mr. C. S. Bailey, 

who was succeeded in the Spring of 18:18 by Mr. Calvin DeWolf, more familiarly 



8 Public Schools. 

known as Justice DeWolf. The school numbered about sixty pupils, several of 
whom were Indian children. An Indian family, by the name of Laframboise, 
lived a little south of the school building on Canal street. This school was 
subsequently taught for a short time by Mr. Thomas Hoyne. 

In July, 1837, the following petition was presented, for the establishment of 

a school in District No. Four, signed by sixteen persons representing twenty-five 

scholars, of whom one of the signers, Mr. John Gage, represented seven: 

"The undersigned, iiiliabitants of tlie Fourth School Dlstrlct.in said City, con- 
sidering tliey liave asiitticient number of scholars to form a school, and that being 
attached to 'the Fifth District tlie distance from school is so great as to niHl<e the 
school of little use to them, would request that they be immediately set off in a 
District by themselves in season to elect three 'trustees on the fourth Monday of 
this montli." 

September, 1837, Mr. J. H. Blatchford, "one of the Inspectors of the Fifth 
Ward," addressed a communication to the Common Council stating that the Dis- 
trict School in the Fifth School District, situated in the Fourth Ward of the city 
" has been closed for the space of more than two months, that a gentleman is 
ready to undertake the management and instruction of the school in that District, 
but that no Trustees have yet been elected by the voters in said District." He 
further states that notices have been issued by the Council several times for the 
legal voters to elect Trustees, but that the inhabitants have neglected to meet in 
conformity with such notices, and asks that the Council fill the vacancies, as he 
understands that said body has the power of filling vacancies in offices of election 
as well as in offices of appointment. 

The following is a certificate of the Trustees of School District No. 1, accom- 
panying the report of the teacher for a period of eight weeks, from August 15, 
1837, to October 11, 1837: 

" To the School hispectMS of the City of Chicago: 

"We, whose names are hereunto subscribed. Trustees of School District No.l, in 
the Citv of Chicago, report : 

'•That the foregoing scliedule, made, subscribed and sworn to by Sarah Kellogg, 
exhibits correctly the number of scholars taught bv her in said District No. 1, and 
tlie number of days each scholar attcmled, and that she taught the length of time 
certified to by her, and that she was employed by us to teach a coniiiiou school of 
female pupils in said District No. l, for a quarter of a year at the rate of .flo per 
week, and that tiie reason that she did not teach the whole quarter is, that neither 
a suitable room, stove, nor furnace could be obtamed by any means within our power 
so as to make her and lier pupils comfortable. 

"All of which is respectfully submitted. 

J. M. Stkode, 
Solomon Wills, 
Chicago, October 20, 1837. A. D. Taylor, 

Trustees of School District No. 1." 

The school for advanced scholars, in District No. 1, was taught by Mr. 

George C. Collins, who was employed at a salary of $800 per annum. There 

were enrolled in this school during the quarter ending October 29, 1837, 113 

pupils. 

The following amendment was made to the provisions of the City Charter 
for carrying on the Public Schools of the City, by an Act of the State Legisla- 
ture, approved March 1, 1839: 

Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General 
Assembly • 
Sec. 1. That the School Lands and the School Funds of T 39 N, R 14E, of 3rd 
P M., be, and the same are hereby vested In the City of Chicaiio ; and the Common 
Council of said city shall at all times have power to do all acts and things in 
relation to said School Lands and School Funds which they may think proper to their 



Historical Sketches. 



safe preservation and efficient management, and to sell or lease said lands on such 
terms and at such times as the said Common Council shall deem most advantaseous, 
and on such sale or sales, leasing or leasings, execute and deliver all proper convey- 
ances therefor ; wliicU said conveyances shall be signed by the Mayor of said city, 
and countersigned by the Clerk tnereof, and sealed with the corporate seal of said 
city ; Provided, Thai the proceeds arising fiom such sales shall be added to and 
constitute a part of the Scliool Fund of said Township : and Provided, that nothing 
shall be done to impair the Principal of said Fund, or to appropriate interest accruing 
from llie same to any other purpose than the support of I'ublic Schools in said Towu- 
shii) ; and Provided furllier. That any scliools established in said Townsliip, and 
without the limits of said city shall be entitled to the same benetits and advantages 
from said Fund as they would be without the passage of this Act. 

Skc. 2. It shall be the duty of the Coniiiiissioner of School Lands for Cook 
County to deliver to such person or persons as the Comn.on Council of tlie City of 
Chic;igo shall dnect, all the books, papers, notes, mortgages, or other evidence's of 
debt belonging to said School Fund of said Township 39, and all moneys belonging to 
the same, taking the receipt of such peison or peisons therefor, which said receipt 
shall be a full indenniity to him lor so doing. 

SEC. 3. The Common Council of Chicago shall have power to raise all sufficient 
sum or sums of money, by taking the real and personal esiate In said cily lor the 
following purposes, to wit : to build school houses ; to est;ibllsh, supjjort and main- 
tain common and public schools, and to supply the inadequacy of the School Fund 
for the payment of Teachers ; to purchase or lease a site or sites for school -houses ; to 
erect, hiie, or purchase buildings suitable for said school-liouses ; to keep in repair 
and furnish the same with necessary fixtures and furniture whenever they may deem 
it expedient ; and thi' taxes for tliai purpose shall be assessed and collected in the 
same manner that other city taxes are or may be. The said Common Council shall 
also have power to fix the ainount of the compensation to be allowed to Teachers m 
the different schools, to i)rescribe the school books to be used and the studies to be 
taught in the ditferent schocds, and pass all such ordinances and by-laws as they may 
from time to time deem necessary m relation to said schools, and the government 
and management of the same, and of the School Lands and Funds belonging to the 
said Township. 

Sec. 4. The said Common Council shall annually appoint seven peisons for 
Inspectors of Common Schools, and three persons in each District to be Trustees of 
Common Schools in and for said District, whose poweis and duties shall be pre- 
scribed by the said Common Council. 

Sec. 5. Sec. 85, 86, 87. 88, 89. 90, and 91 of the Act entitled " An Act to incorporate 
the VMy of Chicago," passed March 4, \&l. and all other acts and parts of acts coining 
within the purview of this Act l)e, and ihe same are, hereby repealed so far as they 
relate to the said Township 39, or the City of Chicago. 

At a meeting of the School Inspectors held June 24, 1839, it was 

''Resolved, To recommend to the Common Council to lease for a teim of five 
years, the school lands in said city, eonsisting of Blocks 1, !>7, 8t- jiiid 142 in the 
School Section Addition to Chicago. Ti e first tliiee Blocks to be leased m entire 
blocks ortracts. for ; gricultural purposes, and the last, to wit : Block 142. situated on 
the nortlieast corner of the School Section to be sub-dividt d into sixieen lots, and 
a minimum price of yearly rental to be fixed by the Common Council of not less than 
$30 on each lot. reserving to the owner of the iniprovenienis on lois l and 4 the prior 
right, for a limited time, of leasing the same, and also reserving from lease, lot 2, on 
winch the old District School House is .situated." 
J. Young Scammon', Secretary. Petek BoLiiES, President. 

The blocks above spoken of to be leased for agricultural purposes are, the 
Block on which the High School and Scammon School buildings now stand ex- 
tending to Halsted Street, and the Blocks extending from Harrison to Polk Streets 
and lying between Fifth Avenue and the River. Block 14'2 is the Block on which 
the Tribune Building and McVickcr's Theatre now stand, and lot 2 of said 
block on which the " old District School House is situated " is, by the plat ac- 
companying the report, located on the corner of Dearborn and Madison Streets, 
where the Tribune Building now stands. The size of the lots in Block 142 was 
49^x150 feet. 

Early in the year 1840 the charge of the School Fund was transferred from 
the Commissioner of School Lands for Cook County to the School Agent, Mr. 
William H. Brown, who discharged the dudes of the office for a period of thir- 
teen years, ten years of which he served without cost to the city. 



lo Public Schools. 

The following is the letter of acceptance submitted by Mr. Brown to the 

Common Council : 

To the Hon. Ajayor and Comtnon Council of the City of Chicago : 

" I accept the agency of the School Fuiid, conferred upon me by your Honorable 
Body. If my services can in any dc.nrec be maib' available in advancnig the great 
cause of education by the establishnicut of Common Scliools, the inten^st I feel in 
the subject Is a sufficient motive with me not only m securing tlu- Fund designed for 
tliis object, but by every effort in my power to add to its amount. I tlierefore decline 
the salary you proi)ose to give, and will cheerfully assume the responsibilitv and 
devote the time necessary for this purpose gratuitously. 

■' I luive the honor to be, etc., 
" Chicago, February 27, 1840. W. H. Brown." 

The report of the Commissioner of School Lands shows the condition of 

the School Fund at the close of the year 1839 to have been as follows : 

Loaned on personal security, not in .suit $11,564 22 

Loaned on mortgage, not in suit 12,4:ff 74 

Amount in suit.... 6,545 00 

Amount in .iudgment 7,366 36 

Included in note given for interest 64 oo 

Total securities , ,^37,977 32 

Cash on hand 648 15 

Total .$38,625 47 

Immediately upon assuming the duties of School Agent, Mr. Brown set to 
work loput the Fund in better shape, and the following communication addressed 
to the Common Council, March 30, 1840, shows the difficulties under which 
the Trustees of the School Districts labored in their endeavors to carry on the 
Public schools : 

To the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Chicago, in Common Council 
assembled : 

" Your petitioner would beg leave most respectfully to represent that in the Fall 
of 1836 the inhabitants of School District No. 4, located in that portion of the town 
which now compri.ses the First Ward of tlie City, at a scliooi meeting, duly notihed, 
voted a tax of .»;5,0oo to build a scliool-house in said District. 

•' At that lime, building materials and labor were extremely scarce and high, and 
the inhabitants of Ihe District being very anxious to have a .school commenced 
immediately, it was thouglit by tlie Trustees that it would be much cheajier to put up 
a temporary building for that purijose than to attempt to build permanently when 
there would be not only great expense in lu-ocnring materials, but much delay would 
be unavoidable in collecting the tax for that purpose. Under these circumstances, 
that there might be as little delay as possible hi commencing ascliool,the Trustees 
availed themselves of a ))rovision in tlie School Law which autliorized them to borrow 
.1«200from the School Fund to build ascliool-house. For this sum a note was given 
by the Trustees, which, owing to the precarious and unsettled condition of the 
School Bund laws, still remains unpaid. But as soon as a school tax can be levied, 
the inhabitants of that District will doubtless most cheerfully pay the amount 
necessary to refund the said sum whicli they have enjoyed the benefit of, in possessing 
tor several years the only public school-house in this city. 

"As the said note has been pliced in the hands of an attorney for collection, bv 
the Agent of the School Fund, the object of this petition is to reiiuest that yoiir 
Honorable Body will direct that legal proceedings in this case may be suspended for 
the present. 

Chicago, iVIarch 30, 1840. N. h. Boli.es, 

One of the Trustees wlio signed the Note. 

This is probably the building previously spoken of as located on lot 2, in 
Block 142, S. S. Addition, on the corner of Madison and Dearborn Streets, and 
is subsequently alluded to in the following terms, in a report made by the School 
Inspectors, March 30, 1845, after opening of the Dearborn School building: 

"As it i.s loiovvn to the Council, the onlv school house or school room belonging 
to city wa.s in the First Ward, and this was so old, snuill and dilapidated that it was 
sold recently by the Trustees for the sum of .§40, and the purchaser has no occasion 
to congratulate himself on account of liis bargain." 



Historical Sketches. 1 1 

The first written records of the School Inspectors commence in November 
1840. The meeting was held at the office of Mr. William Jones, at which Mr. 
William Jones was elected President, and Mr. Isaac N. Arnold, was elected 
Secretary. Meetings were held weekly, on Wednesdays at 2 P. M., and con- 
tinued to be held weekly till April, 1843, when they were held monthly. 

The first step toward uniformity of text books to be used in the schools was 
taken December 9, 1840, when Worcester's Primer, Parley's First, Second, and 
Third Books of History, and an Elementary Speller were adopted. 

In October, 1840, the Board of Scliool Inspectors recommended the organ- 
ization of the city into four School Districts; District No. 1 to comprise the First 
Ward, being at that time, that portion of the South Division of the city lying east 
of Clark Street; District No. 2 to comprise the Second Ward, being that part of 
the South Division lying between Clark Street and the South Branch of the River ; 
District No. 3, to comprise the Third and Fourth Wards, being the entire West 
Division of the city; and District No. 4, to comprise the Fifth and Sixth Wards, 
being the entire North Division of the city. 

In November, 1840, the School Inspectors recommend that, " in view of the 
necessities of the children, the Trustees of each District be directed to procure 
immediately rooms in which to hold schools, and take all necessary stepa to put 
the schools in operation, also that a tax of one mill be levied for the support of 
schools." 

In a communication from the School Inspectors to the Common Council, 
dated November 30, 1840, they report that: 

"The Trustees of District No. 4 have secured a room at Sti per month, tor six 
months or more, and have submitted estimates for furnisliiUK with seats, stoves, 
necessary utensils, and fuel, amounting to .§132. The Inspectors approve of all but 
foO for benelR's, ai)paratus, etc., believing that in tlie present condition of the School 
Fund, no apparatus sucli as is indispensable should be purcliased. The Insjiectors 
recoinmenil however that the School Agent be instructed to pay upon the order of 
the Trustees of the District such amount as they may need, not to exceea %\S&, The 
Trustees nave selected Mr. Dunbar as teacher at .$400 per aniium. 

The School Inspectors in a report dated December 7, 1840, inform the 

Common Council that : 

"The Trustees of District No. 3 have employed Mr, A. D. Sturtevant as leacher, 
at $400 })er annum ; liave hired a convenieiu room at $6 per month, and liave fitted it 
up an expense of .§81.29, of whicli ;J12.97 is to be deducted fiom the rent. This sum 
includes seats, which can be used in other buildings. 

"Tliat the Trustees of District No. 1 had employed Mr. Argill Z. Rumsey as 
teacher, at S4II0 per annum ; had taken possession of the District School House, and 
are repairing and fitting it up at a cost of $86.24. 

" Also, that Mr. H. B. JPerkiiis had been employed as teaclier of District No. 2, at 
•§400 per annum." 

The school building in District No. 1, the only one owned by the city, was 
located where the Tribune building now stands, corner Madison and Dearborn 
Street; the building in District No. 2, was on the North side of Randolph Street, 
about midway between Fifth Avenue and Franklin Street ; the building in 
District No. 3, was on West Monroe Street, facing South, a little West of Canal 
Street; and the building in District No. 4, was on the corner of Cass and Kinzie 
Streets. 



12 Public Schools. 



From the reports of the Public Schools for December, 1840, the following 
items are gathered : 

ni.:frirt Teacher N"™ber Studying Studying Studying 

District. leacner. ^f PupiJs. Geograpny. Grammar, Arithmetic. 

1 A. Z. Ruinsey 75 16 7 13 

2....il.B. Perkins 63 20 10 ..12 

3....A. 1). Sturtevaut 71 14... 8 19 

4....l).C. Dunbar 108 14 4 13 

Total 317 64 29 .57 

January 14, 1841 — The Committee on Schools of the Common Council 
presented the following report in reference to the powers of the Board of School 
Inspectors and the Trustees of School Districts, and also giving a review of the 
early legislation of the State, in reference to Public Schools. The report was 
concurred in by the Council : 

Tlie Ooniniittee on Schools, to whom was referred the ordinance in relation to 
Public Schools in tlie City of Chicago, liave had the same under consideration, and 
beg leave to report : 

Xliai they Iiave critically examined the various provisions of said ordinance, and 
as far as opportunities ottered, compai eel itwitli tlie ordinances and laws of other 
ota.es and (cities, auu ihe geuerai laws of the Stale in relation to the same subject. 
Tney have also niad^- inquiries in relation to tlie oruinance and tlie powers to be 
contened upon tUe several ofticers therein named, and have arrived at the conclusions 
meniioned in the subsequent part of iliis report. 

in order to throw li};ht upon this subject, it may be well first to examine into the 
legislation of tins State upon the subject of Common Scliools. 

By tlie Act of January lo, 1825, the County Commissioners were to lay off School 
Districts, and tlie inliabiiants of tiio^e Districts wi re to choose three Trustees, one 
Clerk, one Treasurer. Collector and Assessor, whose duties were prescribed by that 
Act. Among the duties conferred on the Trustees, weie tliose conferred by this 
ordinance upon the Inspectors and Trustees, except so far as relates to the exan'inilng 
and removing of teachers, and the expulsion of scholars for misbehavior, and it was 
expressly provided that said "Trustees shall give ordeis on the Treasurer of the 
District for all sums expended in paying teachers, establisliing, carrying on and 
supporting all schools within their respective Districts," and they were required to 
report to the County Coniinissioners. (See Gale's Statutes, 620.) 

By the Act of March, 1833, the Trustees of Schools then existing were to pay over 
the funds in their hands to the School Commissioners to be app'.inted by the County 
Commissioners Court, and the School Coniinissioners were to apportion the amount 
among the several teachers employed, in proportion to the number of scholars taught, 
ihe schedule of the scholars being certified to by the Trustees. (Gale's statutes, 
631-2.) 

the Act of March 4, 1837, provides for the election of Trustees of Schools for each 
Township, to whom the entire custody of the School Fund belonging to the same, is 
committed, and the control of the scliools. They are to appoint a Treasurer who is to 
have the Fund, etc., and to pay out the same upon the order of the Trustees. (Gale's 
Statutes, 643-45.) Tlie Trustees are required to exandne teachers, etc., and to report 
m relation to the School Fund and Public Schools to the School Commissioners of 
the respective Counties. 

Tlie Act of February 6, l835.related only to Chicago, and provided for the election, 
by the qualified voters of the city, of live or seven Inspectors, and their duties as 
therein prescribed were substantially those conferred upon tiie School Inspectors by 
the ordinance submitted by your Committee, except that more power was therein 
conferred upon the Inspectors in laying ofC School Districts, and the establishing of 
schools. (SeeActof i835, 161-2.) That Act provided for the election of three Trustees 
in each DLstrict by the people, whose powers were similar to those conferred upon 
the Trustees by tliis ordinance. 

Most of tlie powers contained in this ordinance were conferred upon the 
Inspectors and Trustees bv the City Charter. Indeed, greater powers were in some 
respecis conferred, for the Trustees had power to levy and collect taxes, build school- 
houses, etc. ; and the Common c ouncil were required to draw warrants upon the 
School Commissioners for the amounts apportioned bv the School Inspectors. They 
could neither suspend nor control their aciion. The Inspectors and Trustees were 
authorized in all respecis to act as tht-y deemed for the benefit of the schools. 

During the first year after the city was incorporated the Inspectors made a report 
to the Common Council, setting forth the necessity of greater powers being conferred 
upon the School Inspectors in relation to schools, and showing Cducliisively the 
necessity of new legislation upon the subject. This report received the unanimous 
approval of the Common Council, and the bill which was pa.ssed March l, 1839, and 
under which the Common Council obtained control of the School Fund, was prepared 
by the School Inspectors for the express purpose of enabling the Common Council to 



Historical Sketches. 13 

confer upon the Inspectors the entire managenieut and control of the schools, and 
upon the Trustees the employment of teachers, the location of school-houses, the 
hiriuR and repairing of the same, and furiiishinK them with apparatus, etc. ; and to 
facilitate and reduce to a system the establishment and management of the Public 
Schools. It was never conceived, so far as your Committee are advised, that it would 
be proper or convenient for the Common Council, in person, to have the management 
and control of tlie schools. No persons can properly exereis«» such powers except 
those who malce it a business to inquire into tlie best modes of di.scipline and 
ins'ruction, and to examine into the schools, the number, situation, and wants of the 
scholars in the city, and the best modes of providnig for the same, the arrangement 
of the scliool-liouses, the apparatus to be used therein, etc. 

The Common Council, in the midst of their multifarious duties, have not time to 
attend to these matters,, and if they should attempt it, the necessary attention could 
not be bestowed upon them. In order to have the schools managed as they should 
be, some man or body of men must have the control and entire management of the 
same, so that some regular system can be adopted, and the whole proceedinss in 
relation to schools known to those who have the control thei'eof. That man or body 
of men should control and regul-ite all that relates to public instruction, including the 
arrangement of the interior of the school-houses, the apparatus, discipline, etc. 
These duties are conferred upon the Inspectors by this ordinance, and a line of duties 
altogether distinct and Independent of these are' conferred upon the Trustees. The 
latter employ the teachers, make contracts, repair the school-houses, buy the 
apparatus, etc , in other words, they do the business of the District, while everything 
in relation to iniblic instruction is conferred upon the Inspectors : and the Insiiectors 
are made auditors of the accounts of the Trustees. It is fit and proper that these 
accounts should be audited by them, because they have better opporttniitles than the 
Coninion Council to know of the necessities and propriety of the expenditures of 
the Trustees. 

But it may be said that if it is necessary that they should audit the accounts, 
it is not necessary that they should draw the money tci pay them. In I'eply to this 
it may be observed that there is a manifest convenience in authorizing them to do 
so. It will facilitate the business of the Trustees, and enable the Inspectors to have 
a complete vi^-w of the state of the School Fund to guide them in their operations in 
relation to schools ; and it is a power which has uniformly, by the Legislature of this 
State, and. so f:ir as we are advised, of other States, leen conferred upon Superin- 
tendents of Common Schools, and we can sei^ no reason why it should not be so 
conferred. If we do not give the Inspectors this iiower. much delay and perj)lexity 
will often arise in relation to the innchase and payment of fuel, apparatus, etc., and 
the School Fund will have to make up, in the' enhanced price, Ihe trouble and 
perplexity in getting the pay. TTnder the provisions contained in the City Charter 
much delay and perplexity were experiencen by the teachers in getting their pay 
after the schedules were approved by the Tnsiiectors, owing to the want or regularity 
in the mei'tings of the Council and the amount of business before it. In severa'l 
instances teachers were delayed and put to serious inconvenience in obtaining their 
pay. It is well known that at certain seasons of the year it is almost impossilde to 
get a meeting of the Council The power to draw orders on the School Fund con- 
tained in this ordinance will be safe in the hands of the Inspectors. They have no 
power or temptation to touch a dollar. They can only draw orders upon the Agent 
for the amount renorted to them by the Trustees. 

The general features of the ordinance prevail throtighont New England and 
New York. The Common School Societv. which is a corpf>ration. have the entire 
control and management of the schools in the Citv of New York. The School Com- 
mittees and Superintendent have the same in Providence; and th'ouL'hout the 
States of 'Massachusetts and Maine, the School Agents do the business which is 
conferred upon the Trustees by this ordiinmce, while the Superintending S^diool 
Committees have and exercise nearly all the powers conferred upon the Inspectors, 
and peril a lis some others. 

We all know that what is everybody's business is nobodv's ; and the great 
difficulty in relation to the establishment and efficient management and operation of 
cotnmon schools, is tlie want of interest 'n the same. Hence the indispensable 
necessity that til B Inspectors should nersonally examine into the qualification of 
teacher.s, the nninagement of the schools, the arrangement of the school-houses, the 
'■ourse of instruction and discipline, and that they should havp the entire superin- 
tendence of the schools, and iiower to cany their plans in relation to the same into 
effect, and that their ai-tions should not be retarded nor obstructed by the action or 
want of action of another body. 

It is a thankless task to attend to {he instruction of a large nutnber of children in 
anv citv. more esueciallv so in a place situated like Chicacro, which has a greater 
varietv of inhabitants than .Joseph's coat had colors, and whose modes of feeling and 
thinking are as variant as tlie forms and hues of tlie flowers upon our b''autifnl 
prairie^^ in the verdant season of the year As our population is gathered from all 
))oints of the compass, from every quarter of the trlobe. composed of immigrants 
from evi-ry nation upon which the dews of a- Mer 'iful Providence descend, it is but 
natural that there should be a great difference of opinion upon all subjects, and more 
esppcinlly in relation to the education of youth. Ti> reconcile these, and to provide 
for the efficient instruction of the child len of the city, we should select good men 
from all parts of the city, men who shall, as far as possible, represent the variant 



H 



Public Schools. 



feelings iuul oi)iiiioiis of our diverse population, men who take a deep interest in 
the subject of education and devote a portion of their leisure time to investigating 
the subject and to learning the l)est methods of instruction and to ohtaining 
khidred' information, and who have a sufHeiently deep regard for the welfare of 
the rising generation to be willing to give their attention to our common schools, 
and wheii thus selected we should confide to them the charge of the public school 
instruction of children and youth. 

In this way, our schools may become useful and efficient, hut if the control of the 
same is subdivided and apportioned off to several distinct bodies or powers, the 
schools will be more dependent upon chance than system, for their success. 

The ordinance is framed in accoi dance with these views. 

In conclusion, your Committee would report that they find that the ordinance 
substantially embodies the provisions of the previous laws of this State upon the 
subject, and confers no greater powers upon the Inspectors and Trustees than the 
previous legislation of this State has conferred upon such officers, and no greater 
than the effi'ient management of the schools requires. 

They therefore report that they find no objection to the oidinance except that 
the expense of the IJecord Book of the Inspectors should he paid from the School 
Fund, and an additional section be added requiiing the Inspeclorsto report their 
doings to the Common Council as often as they may he required to do so by this body. 

The said ordinance is therefore reported hack to the Council with aforesaid 
amendments incorporated into tlie same, and its adoption recommended. 

In March, 1841, Worcester's Second, Third and Fourth Books for Reading, 

Worcester's Elementary Dictionary, Bailey's Algebra, and the Pictorial Spelling 

Book were adopted. 

In April, 1841, the following Regulations were adopted: 

"The School Year commences on the first Monday in January, and is divided 
into four (piarters of twelve weeks each." 

'• At the end of each quarter, there is a vacation of one week." 

" Schools will be kept on eacii day of the week except Sunday, beginning in the 
morning at 9 o'clock, and ending at 12 M; and in the afternoon, beginning at half- 
past 1 o'clock, and ending at hal--nast 4. Saturday afternoon is an exception from 
this regulation, it being a holiday." 

"It is expected there will be a recess of a few minutes each half-day, or some 
other equivalent allowed by rheteaclier." 

"The first exercise of the morning will be the reading of the Scriptures— the 
teacher will commence by reading one verse, and then each scholar m school who can 
read sufficiently well will read a verse, until all have read. No explanations of the 
meaning of the Scripture must be given ; but the teachers will require the whole 
school to pay implicit and exclusive attention to the reading until it is finished." 

" The teachers will require cleanliness in the person of the scholars. This regu- 
lation must he rigidly enforced. Those scholars must be sent home who manifest a 
disregard of it." 

••The followiiiu' text-books have been aidopted, and will hereafter be used: 
Pictorial Spelling Book, Worcester's Primer. Worcester's Second. Third and Fourth 
Books for Reading and S))elling. AVorcester's Ehmentary Dictionary, Frost's 
Elements of English (;r;umiiar. Parker's Progressive Exercises in Coiiiposition, 
Greenleaf's National Aiithnictic. Child's Arithmetic. Woodbridge's School Geogra- 
phy and Atlas, Parlev's Geography, Parley's First, Second, and Third Books of His- 
tory, and Bailey's Algebra." 

"No books except those prescribed by the Inspectors will be permitted to be 
used in the schools after the books i)rescribed can be obtHined. Until that time the 
books which the scholars now have can be used, but no new books are to be 
purchased except such as are approved by the Inspectors," 

"At the end of each month the teachers of the respective schools will make 
schedules of the names of all the scholars in attendance on each day aufi half day, 
the number engaged in the ditterent studies, and the average in attendance each 
week and each month, together with a statement of the largest and smallest number 
in attendance at any one day during the month." 

The reports of attendance at each school for each month extending to 
February,^! 850, giving the name of each pupil, and the number of days' attend- 
ance, are now on file in the office of the City Clerk. 

In June, 1841, the Scliool Inspectors report that for the four months ending 
in March, there had been expended !t^.j63.32 for teachers, and $520.94 for fuel, 
rent of school-houses, repairs, etc. ; that upon the present plan it would require 
$1,800 to pay the teachers for one year; that it would be necessary to levy a 
tax of one tenth of one per cent, upon all the taxable property of the city. 



Historical Sketches. 15 

Under the census of 1840 the number of white persons in the County, under 
twenty years of age, was 4,693 ; and Ihe number in the city, 2,109. The amount 
received by the County from the School, College and Seminary Fund was about 
$700, of which amount the City is entitled to about $300. They also report that 
it was their intention, as soon as a lot could be obtained from the Canal Com- 
missioneis, to recommend the erection of a school building in District No. 1. 

The attendance during the month of January, 1841, was 408; of February 
446 ; of March, 396. 

In November, 1841, the School Inspectors recommend that the lots be- 
longing to the School Fund be not leased for a longer period than five years. 
Their report closes as follows : 

" In conclusion, we would state tliat nearly all of the reserved lands belonging to 
the Seliool Fund are favorably situated ; ]>articularly is this the case with the lots on 
the river ; and should tne Canal be completed, the lots on the river, m a few years, 
will pay a considerable income." 

The reports for December, 1841, make the following showing: 

"'"'"='• leacner. EnroUment. Attendance. Attendance. 

1 S C. Bennett 120 105 53 

2 K. B. Ileacock 84 62 38 

3 A. D Sturtevant GO 53 30 

4 C. DeWolf 146 120 T8 

Total 410 340 199 

The Expenditures for the year 1841 were : 

ForTeachers. For Incidental. Total Expenses. 

First District ,fl<445 00 $19 63 $4(i4 63 

Second District 400 oo 96 59 496 .59 

Third District 400 00 8:5 94 483 94 

Fourtli District 529 83 83 83 613 66 

Total $1,774 83 $283 99 l?2,058 82 

March 10, 1842, the Scliool Inspectors voted that a school be established in 
the Dutch Settlement, provided that a school house be furnished ; and March 16. 
1842, they recommended to the Common Council that the materials for building 
a school house in the Dutch Settlement be furnished, provided the inhabitants 
will build the hcuse. The cost to the city, of this building, was ;^2 11.02. 

The Dutch Settlement was in District No. 4, in the North Division of the 
City, on what was known as the Green Bay Road, between Chicago and North 
Avenues The school was known as School No. 3, Fourth District, and was 
continued till the permanent building was erected on the corner of Ohio and La- 
Salle Streets. After the opening of the new building this building was vacated. 

In January, 1840, a petition, signed by residents of this neighborhood, 
known, as stated in their petition, as " New Buffalo," was submitted to the City 
Council, stating that the school had been discontinued since the opening of the 
new building, and asking the privilege of opening a German school in the build- 
ing, to be kept at their own expense, and offering to purchase the building, 
stating that at the time of its erection the city had advanced about $150 and that 
the balance had been supplied by tjiemselves. 



1 6 Public Schools. 

In answer to this petition the following order was adopted by the Common 

Council, January 30, 1846: 

" Ordered, That the Mayor and Clerk issue a deed, imder the seal of the City, of 
the school-house itrlhe Dutch Settlement, to Michael Diversy and Peter Gabel, to be 
used for a Gei man school in that Settlement, upon said Diversy and Cabel executing 
a note to the School Fund for $110, payable in twelve montlis." 

March 10, 1842, the School Inspectors voted that the Chairman and Secre- 
tary be authorized to apply to the Board of Commissioners of the Illinois and 
Michigan Canal to set apart and designate such lots as may be selected by this 
Board for the use of Common Schools. The following lots were selected by the 
School Inspectors: 

For District No. 1. — Lot 6, Block 58, Original Town, the ground on which 
Dearborn School building was located, and which is now occupied by the Crystal 
Block and Hershey Music Hail. 

For District No. 2. — Lot 6, Block 55, Original Town, on the nonh side of 
Madison Street, between La Salle Street and Fifth Avenue, and at present occupied 
by the Wadsworth building, Nos. 175 to 181 East Madison Street. 

For District No. 3. — Lot 9, Block 50, Original Town, situated on the north- 
west corner of Madison and Canal Streets. 

For District No. 4. — Lot 5, Block 4, Original Town, on North Wells Street, 
opposite the North Western R. R. Depot, and running from Kinzie Street to 
South Water Street. 

In May, 1842, the School Inspectors adopted the following resolution : 

"Resolved, That the School Trustees of School District No 3. be a' thorized to 
employ a female teacher in said District, at a salary not exeeedinp; ,|200 per annxnn. 
for si.x months, pa\ able in Illinois State Bank bills, or currency when the taxis 
collected, and to hire a bouse for the same. Provided it is fitted up and furnished by 
the inliabilants of tlie District at their own expense; and that a female school be 
established in the Second District on the same terms." 

The following is the Report of Average Attendance and of Expenditures 
for Schools, during the year 1842: 

„. ^ . . ., ro u 1 Average Paid Incidental Total 

Districts. No. of Scliools. Attendance. Teachers. Expenses. Expenses. 

First 2 107 $ 59.5 11 .§ 93 21 .f 687 32 

Second 2 90.. 479 19 200 20 679 39 

Third 2 7t 479 19 119 90 .'■)99 09 

Fourth 3 183 695 74 434 12 1,129 86 

Total 9 .. 456 $2,249 23 ,<;&46 43 $3,095 66 

Teacher of Music 3.56 50 

Printing, etc 25 00 

Expen.sesof School Fund 397 18 

Total Expenditures for the year .f 3,874 34 

May 10, 1843, the Committee on Schools, of the Common Council, presented 
the following report in reference to leasing Block 142, School Section Addition, 
being the block bounded by Madison, State, Monroe and Dearborn Streets, 
which explains the dating of school leases from May 8th : 

"The Committee on Schools woula rcsin'ctfully report that having l)een autlior- 
ized by a resolution of the Council to cause the School Block, No. 142 of the School 
Section Ad 'iiioii to be subdivided into lots, and leased for a term of years, not 
exceeding ten, at public auction, to the highest biddei," *^»*«- 

"Tln-y.in pursuance of such resolution, caused the same to be surveyed and 
subdivided into 3G lots, and a minimum value per annum for a lease of seven years 
of each lot, to be fixed ; and that on the »(/i day of May, inst., 23 lots were leased at 
public sale to the highest bidder, for seven years ; the said lots having beeu leased 
for at least the minimum valuation for which they were put up." 



Historical Sketches. i>j 

"Tlie Committee fnrllierreiiort that 16 lots of said Block remain unleased ; and 
the Committee recommend tliat they be authorized to lease the same at public 
auction, at such time as they may deem proper." 

H. T. Dickey, Chairman. 

There is evidently a mistake in the report as to the number of lots into 
which the Block was subdivided, which should be 38 instead of 36. 

The Annual Report of the Inspectors for 1843, states that the Average Mem- 
bership for the month of December, 1842, was 436; and for December, 1843, 
it was 589 — an increase of 153. The Total Expenditures for the year 1843, were 
$3,582.51 ; the number of teachers, 8. 

Early in the year 1844, the School Inspectors called the attention of the 
Common Council to the needs of the residents of the southern part of the 
Township. 

May 1, 1844, the Trustees of District No. 1 were authorized to expend $10, 
if so much is necessary, in filling up the school lot. 

In May, 1844, the first step was taken towards the erection of a permanent 
School building, in the adoption, by the School Inspectors, of the following pre- 
amble and resolution : 

" Whereas. The Trustees of School District No. 1, have this day reported to the 
Board of Inspectors that they are unable to continue the School No. 1. in said District 
for the want of a suitable school-house ; therefore, 

"Resolved, That in the opinion oi the Board of Inspectors and the Trustees of 
the Common Schools, ^ood economy, sound policy, and the necessity of the ease 
demand of the Common Council an immediate attention to the subject of Common 
School houses in this city ; and that, in our opinion, the most feasible plan that can 
be adopted for the present is, to build a good, permanent and spacious brick house, so 
located us to accommodate in the best manner for the present, "Wards Nos. 1 and 2 ; 
that upon this plan, cheapness, with comfort of tlie scholars will be promoted, and a 
permanent improvement made to the city " 

The subject Avas taken under advisement by the Common Council during 

the same month, and on the 9th day of May, 1844, the Committee on Schools, 

Ira Miltimore, Chairman, presented a report recommending the erection of 

" A good, permanent brick school house, on the school lot in the First Ward, 
60x80 feet, two stories high ; to be fitted up on the best and most approved plan, with 
particular reference to the heaitli, comfort and convenience both of scholars and 
teachers." 

In June, 1844, proposals were received for the erection of the building, and 
the contract for the mason work was awarded to A. C. Wood, for the sum of 
$1,775; and for the carpenter work, to E, Wetherbee, for the sum of $2,075, 

The lower story of the building was completed, ready for occupancy about 
the middle of January, 1845, and the whole building was completed in the Spring 
of 1845. It was known as School No. 1, till early in the year 1858, when it 
received the name of the " Dearborn School." 

It was located on Madison Street, opposite McVicker's Theatre, on the 
ground now occupied by the Crystal Block, the Recorder's Office, and Hershey 
Music Hall. 

The building was regarded by many, at the time, as far beyond the needs of 
the City, and the Mayor of the City, Hon. Augustus Garrett, in his inaugural 
address in 1845, recommended that the " Big School-House " be either sold 
or converted into an Insane Asylum, anel that one more suitable to the wants 
of the city be provided. The building was also pointed to as " Miltimore's 
Folly." 

2 



i8 Public Schools. 

Upon the opening of the building, Districts Nos. 1 and 2 were consoli- 
dated into one District, and were accommodated in this building; and from 
this time till the opening of the new building on Block 113, School Section 
Addition, afterwards known as the Jones School, the reports are headed Dis- 
tricts 1 and 2. 

One year after the opening of the building there were enrolled in the 
school 548 pupils, at the end of the second year, 660 pupils, and at the end 
of the third year, 864 pupils. 

The first Teachers ia the school were Austin D. Sturtevant, Principal, 
who had been in the employ of the city in Districts No.'s 3 and 2, since 
October, 1840, and Misses Lucia A. Garvin, and Martha Durant. In May, 1845, 
an additional female teacher, Miss Margaret A. Clarkson was employed. In 
May, 1846, Miss Anna Day was appointed, making the corps of teachers four, 
beside the Principal. In May, 1847, two years after the completion of the 
building, there were six teachers, beside the Principal. 

Mr. Sturtevant remained in charge as Principal, till August, 1846, when 
he resigned, and was succeeded by Mr. A. W. Ingalls, who remained in charge 
till his death, some time in April, 1850. After the death of Mr. Ingalls, Miss 
H. B. Rossiter appears to have been in charge till August, 1850, when Mr. F, 
A. Benham was appointed. Mr. F. A. Benham remained till April, 1854 
Mr. J. P. Brooks served as Principal from April, 1854, to February, 1855 
Perkins Bass, from February, 1855, to May, 1856; O. B. Hewitt, from May 
1856, to April, 1857; George D. Broomell, from April, 1857, to November, 
1863; Albert R. Sabin, from November, 1863, to July, 1865; George D 
Broomell, September, 1865, to July, 1866; Daniel S. Wentworth, from Sep 
tember, 1866, to July, 1867; Leslie Lewis, September, 1867, to October, 1869 
Andrew M. Brooks, from October, 1869, to January, 1870 ; Alfred P. Burbank, 
from March, 1870, to July, 1871. 

The Dearborn School building was used for school purposes till the close 
of the school year in June, 1871 ; when the lot was leased by the Common 
Council to Rand, McNally & Co. ; and a building known as Johnson Hall 
located on Wabash Avenue near Monroe Street, was rented for the accommoda- 
tion of the school at a rental of $3,600 per annum. 

The Dearborn School building was torn down during the Summer of 
1871. The School was continued after the summer vacation of 1871, in 
Johnson Hall, under the charge of Miss Alice L. Barnard, as Principal, 
until the Great Fire of October 8th and 9th, 1871, swept over the whole terri- 
tory of the Dearborn School district, when the organization of the Dearborn 
School became extinct. 

The reports for the month of December, 1844, show an increase in the 
Average Membership over the previous year of 56, the Total Enrolment for the 
month being 979, the Average Membership 645, and number of Teachers 8. The 
Total Expenditures for the year 1844 were $3,368.16. 



Historical Sketches. 19 

January 31, 1845, the School Agent, Mr. Wm. H. Brown, makes the fol- 
lowing report of the condition of the School Fund : 

Notes secured l)y mortgage $15.05-2 18 

Notes on personal security , 8,a04 27 

Suspended debt 1.084 33 

In judgment 17,041 09 

Real estate 5,406 77 

Nominal amount of School Fund.. .«40,848 64 

Portion of School Fund decidedly bad : 

Notps secured on personal security $300 00 

Suspended debt, 90000 

Judgments 13.858 16 

f 15, 058 16 
Portion of School Fund doubtful : 

Suspended debt .$100 00 

Judgments 1.166 00 

],26T 00 10.324 16 

Leaving an eftective School Fund of .^30,524 48 

May 3, 1845, the Trustees of the respective School Districts were author- 
ized to pay male teachers not to exceed ^500 per annum. The salaries had 
hitherto been ^400 per annum for male teachers, and |200 per annum for 
female teachers. 

In March, 1845, the question of the erection of a permanent building in 
District No. 4, in the Nonh Division of the c ty, was agitattd; and in June, 
1845, the Committee on Schools of the Common Council, present a report 
recommending the erection of a school building in District No. 4, 45x70. feet, 
two stories high, and the location of the building on the corner of Ohio and 
La Salle streets. 

June 13, 1845 : The Committee on Schools present the following report in 
reference to the purchase of the site for the school building in District No. 4: 

"Your Committee would fuither report that in selecting a site lor the location of 
said scliool-housf iliey have had a due re.yard to the interests and convenience of 
boin tile Fifth and Stxin Wards ; tiiat they have reci-ived a coniniunication from 
VVni. B. Ondeii. Esq., by which lie prc.post s to sell to the city, lots 1,2 and 3, in Block 
20, in Wolcotfs Additii.n to (Jhicago. lor .'>'j50. payable, with six pei cenl. interest, in 
money, ininieuiately after the next session of tlie l.egislaiuie of Illinois; or, iluit he 
will exchange the said three lots for an equitable part m divisioh equal to 95^ seven- 
teenths of lot 5, Block 4, Original Town ol (_:hicago : P/ou/dcd, the city gets aullioiity 
from llie hegislaiuie, at its next si ssion, to make to sai-i Ogden a title to saiil iiart of 
said lot.'<,ot Block 4. :ii'.d wishing lor the cit.\ now to decide wliicli method they will 
adopt for payment. Your Committee, ui, derail the circumstances, recommend that 
the city accept the first proposition; but in either ca,-e, they recomnien.i that said 
school-Iiouse be locaied on said lots 1, 2 ami 3, in Block 20, Wbldit's Addition, which 
is Oil tlie coiner of Ohio and La Salle streets, 109 feet on La Salle street, and 111 feet 
on Ohio street " 

Coiicuned in, June 14, 1845. 

The following description of the school accommodations in the North and 

West Divisions of the city, forms a part of the report of the Committee on 

Schools on the subject of the need of new buildings: 

"The Schools in District No. 4 are held in very inconvenient rooms : one In a 
building originally designed for mercantile purposes, on the corner of Cass and 
Kiiizie Streets, which might comfortably accommodate a school of 50 children, 
inste.d of fnmi lOd to 120 scholars— the number usually at ending The story is 
very low. and the room so illy ventilated that its foul atmosphere is plainly appa- 
rent ; Its dimensions are so coiitiacied that scholars cannot move from titer places 
without disturbing their fellows, and scarcely any space can be found for the forma- 
tion of classes at their reeitatious. The same objections apply to the room used in 



20 Public Schools. 

the basement of the Episcopal Church, with the f uitliei- and weighty one that after a 
period of wet weather the room becomes unhealthy for scholars and teachers from 
dampness. The number of scholars in this school'is lol. The third scliool in this 
District is kept in the school house erected in the Dutch Settlement, and is fully as 
large and airy as the scliool requires. 

" The building occupied for schools in the Third Ward is wholly unfit for the 
purposes for which it is used— less commodious and convenient, if possible, than 
those in the Sixth Ward. One of these sclionls occupies the lower story, and the other 
the attic of a story and a half house with light from the gable ends only, and in the 
sunnner, from Us proximity to the roof, isxmcomfortably warm. 

"The furniture of all these rooms, the desks and benclies, are as unfit for the 
purposes of education as the rooms in which they are placed ; and the whole 
contrasted with a building erected and furnished for scliools, is well calculated to 
create in the minds of children, a disgust for the school room, and make the acquisi- 
tion of knowledge an irksome, as well as a difficult task." 

Proposals for the erection of a building in District No- 4, were received in 
June, 1845, and the building was occupied in January, 1846. 

In September, 1845, the Board of Inspectors recommend that female teach- 
ers be paid $250 per annum. 

In September, 1845, the following petition, signed by A. S. Sherman, A 
Moore, Thos. C. James, Charles Crabb and others, was presented to the Com- 
mon Council : 

" We, your petitioners, residents of the Third Ward of the City, would respect- 
fully ask permission of your Honorable Body to build a small school house at our own 
expense, and for the benefit of our children and others living in the vicinity on the 
school lot in said Ward, to wit, lot 9, Block 5o, O. T., until such time as the Council 
may require the use of saia lot for the erection of a permanent school house, and 
subject to removal by order of the Council at that time " 

The lot named in the above petition was located at the northwest corner 
of Canal and Madison Streets. No school building was, however, erected on 
this lot, but the question of the erection of a permanent building for the West 
Division was considered during the early part of the year 1846. It was finally 
located on Block 1, School Section Addition, on Madison Street, just East of 
Halsted Street, and the building is now known as the " Scammon School." 

The Enrolment for January, 1846, was as follows : 

First and Second Districts- 
School No. 1, A. (t. Sturtevant and Lucia A. Garvin 430 

School No. 2, Martha C. Duraiit and Margaret A. Clarkson 113 

Third District— 

School No. l,C, J. Ballard 150 

School No. 3, Adaline W. Ballard 110 

Fourth District- 
school No. 1, A. G. Wilder 238 

School No. 3, Mary E. Warner 207 

Total 1,248 

Average Attendance for the Month 894 

The Total Expenditures for the Year 1845 were: 

For Teachers $2,277 53 

For Incidental Expenses 880 32 

For Expenses of School Fund, etc 255 60 

Total for the Year .f 3,4i3 45 

The total amount assessed for School Taxes in the several Wards in the city 
from 1840 to 1845, inclusive, was as follows : 

South Division. West Division. North Division. Total. 

First Ward. Second Ward. Third Ward. Fourth Ward. Fifth Ward. Sixth Ward. School Tax. 

1840 $ 187.73 .* 199.73 $86 02 $ 48 3G $75.04 $ 190.10 ,f 786.98 

1841 428.81 529.70 158.98 102,90 93.95 347.93 1,662.27 

1842 513.34 512.28 97.66 69 51 70.04 365.77 1,528.50 

1843 304.17 277.66 43.80 28.62 22.96 108. 0:^ 785.24 

1844 2,531.18 1,742.54 357.35 261.18 178.35 651.48 5,723 08 

1845 1,331.50 956.27 230. .38 144.74 147.34 364.76 3,165.02 

Total.... $5,296.63 $4,218.18 §964.19 $655.31 $587.68 $1,938.07 $13,650.90 



Historical Sketches. 21 

The increased amount of School Tax for 1844 and 1845 was for the erection 
of the Dearborn and Kinzie school buildings. The cost of the Dearborn school 
building is reported as ^7,523.42 ; of the Kinzie school building, ^4,047.00. 

In March, 184G, a petition having fifty-five signatures is presented to the 
Common Council asking for the location of a school house in the Fourth Ward. 

The Committee on Schools, in their report on this petition, March 3, 1846^ 

recommended the erection of a school building in School District No. 3, as 

soon as the City could do so from the School Tax Fund, but stated their inability 

to do so at the present time in the following words : 

" But owing to the fact that the State Legislature, at its hist session, abridged 
the power of taxation for school purposes to so great an extent as to greatly 
embarrass the City in its provisions for Public Instruction, and as the School Tax 
Fund is aU'eady indebted to the General Fund in the sum of $3,694.06, it will be 
impossible to build a school house in District No. 3 till the power of taxation is 
restored to the condition it was before tliesaid Act was passed." 

June 5, 184G, an order was passed directing the Board of Education to have 
all their proceedings published in such of the daily papers published in the city 
as will do the same gratis. 

An order was finally passed during the Summer of 1846 authorizing the 
erection of a school building on Block 1, School Section Addition, now known 
as the Scammon School building. 

The following Ordinance amending the Ordinance regulating the duties of 
the School Inspectors and Trustees of School Districts was adopted by the 
Common Council, September 4, 1846: 
An Ordinance to amend an Ordinance entitled "An Ordinance in relation to Public 

Schooh in the City of Chicago," passed January 4, 1846. 
Be it Ordained hy the Common Council, of the City of Chicago: 

•'Sec. 1. 'iluit it shall hereafter be the duty of Trustees of Schools to take the 
" charge of the school-houses, furniture, grounds, and other property belonging to the 
" Scliool Districts lespectively, and see that the same are kept in good condition, and 
"not sutfered to be uniiecessarilv injured or deteriorated, and also to provide fuel 
" and such orher conveniences for the schools as m their opinion may be required, 
" sul)ject to the restrictions hereinafter mentioned. 

" Sec. -2. The said School Trustees shall, whenever, in their opinion, the same 
"may be necessary, recommend to the Common CoiincU such alterations, additions 
" and iinproveinents as may be required eiilier in the school-houses, furniture, desks, 
"benches, apparatus or other pntpertv belonging to their Districts respectively; 
" Provided, however, that the said Trustees shall not have power to make any con- 
" tract for the same, or to cause any expi nditures to be made for any purpose what- 
•' soever, except for fuel and water, without the express direction and authority of 
" the Common Council, and all bills for repairs, furniture, benches, desks, apparatus, 
"fuel, etc., shall be audited by the Common Council, and paid out of the School Tax 
"Fund. 

"Seo. 3. "The Board of School Insitectors shall have no power to fix the com- 
"pensation of teachers or raise or diminish the same ; nor to direct or cause any 
" expenditures to be made in any School District for any purpose whatsoever, or pay 
" or direct any expenses of whatsoever nature or description to be paid by the School 
"Agent out ot the School Fund belonging to Township 39 N, R 14 E, Cook County, 
"except for wages of teachers; but all such bills shall, if presented to them for 
" payment, be referred to the Common Council. They shall also, whenever, in their 
"opinion, any alterations or additions either in the school-houses, or furniture, or 
" apparatus belonging to the same may be needed to the efficiency and usefulness of 
"the Public Schools, recommend tlic same to the Common Council. 

"Skc. 4. That the School Inspectors shall have all their proceedings published 
"immediately after their meetiufis in some one or more of the papers published in 
" the City of Chicago which will publish i he same gratis, and also in the corporation 
" paper, with such fullness as to infoiin the public in every respect of the business 
" transacted by them, together with statrnients showing the amount of bdls allowed 
" to teachers, and to what Districts the same are chargeable respectively, also resolu- 
" tions in regard to adoption of new text-books to be used in the public schools, also 
"the names of members who may introduce any proposition of interest to the public 



J 



22 Public Schools. 

"in regard to the schools, with the yeas and nays upon thft same, if the question shall 
"be thus taken. 

"Skc. 5. Sections 7, 8 and 10 of the Ordinance to which this is an amendment 
"be, and the same are liereby repealed. 

" Henry B. Clarke, < lerk. John P, Chapin, Manor." 

" Passed September 4, 1846," 

In November, 1846, the School Inspectors adopted the following rule in 

relation to tardy scholars : 
, " No scliolars shall be admitted into school unless tliey appear within a quarter of 
an hour of tlie time prescribed by the rules for commencing tiie schools." 

November 13, 1846, an order was passed by the Common Council puthorizing 
the employment of a teacher in the southern part of the First and Second Wards, 
upon receiving notification from the Mayor and School Comm'ttee that a suitable 
school room has been prepared in a proper place; Provided said teacher be 
employed from month to month, instead of by the year. This was the first 
beginning of what is now known as the Jones School. The school was taught 
by Miss Alice L. Barnard, now Principal of the Jones School, and was located 
corner of Wabash avenue and Twelfth street. 

The reports of the several Districts for the month of December, 1846, show 
the attendance to have been as follows: ,. 

„. . Total Average 

Districts, Enrolment. Attendanc*. 

First and Second 654 4T.3 

Third 136 106 

Fomth 387 271 

Total 1,177 860 

The following extract from a report of the proceedings of the Board of 

School Inspectors, at a meeting held October 29, 1859, explains the origin of 

the Wh irfing Lot Fund, now forming a part of the School Fund Principal, 

amounting to $68,061.94. 

•• On or about tlie year 1817, after many efforts between the City and the claim- 
ants ol the Wliarttiig Privileges, the Common Council Incompliance with an Act of 
the State Legislature, nuide a flnal settlement with the owners or claimants of the 
■WhartiuR Lois, by the terms of which each owner was to pay the city a stipulated 
auiount for his lot, with int rest at si\ per cent, payable quarter yearly, until ilie 
Principal was paid. The Principal was payable attue option of the owners, provided 
the above terms were complied with." 

The following extract from the contract between the City and the claimants 
of the Wharfing Privileges shows the interest manifested in the Public Schools, 
and the care that was taken to enlarge the School Fund : 

"It is hereby stipulateii and made a part of the contract between the parties 
hereto, that the Principal of the nioiie; s which shall be paid or secuied to tlie City of 
Chica.o, upon the adjustiiieiU oi" seltlenifut of the title to the Whaifing Privileges, or 
Public ljan(lings,incluiling the money secured by this indenture, shall he denominated 
the VVliartiug Lot Fund, and shall be applied aird appropriated as follows : 

" The fir.st $30,000 of said Principal which shall be paid, .shall be appinpriated by 
the said City in the discharge of its obligations, or in such other manner as the Com- 
mon Coniicil shall from time to time direct. 

" The residue of said Principal as the same shall be paid, shall be paid over to the 
Agent of the School Fund of said (!ity of Chicago, or liis sm^cessor, by whatever name 
he may be known, and shall constitute a part of the Principal of the School Fund of 
the Ciiy of Chicago, for the support of S(Uiools in said City, and shall be loaned in the 
same manner as the Principal of the other School Fund may be loaned. 

" there sha 1 be paid into the City Treasury, semi-annually, for the general use of 
said City, six per cent, interest upon such portion of such Wharfage Lot Fund as shall 
be pair! to said School Agent, or his successor afores.iid, out of the interest which 
shall accrue from the loan of said Principal as aforesaid, until the first day of Feb- 
ruary, A, D.,l868," 



Historical Sketches. 23 

The following section of the Supplemental Act, approved February 16, 
1847, provides for either the sale or lease of such of the lots donated to the 
City by the State for school purposes as were not in use for such purpose 

" SEC. 16. The Common Council shall have power to lease for any term of years 
"not exceeding ten years in any term, lot No. 5, Block 4 ; lot No. 9, Block 50 ; and 
"lot 6, Block 55. all in the Original Town of Chicago, heretofore donated to the City 
•' of Cliicago for the use of schools, und(?r "an Act to provide for the dedication of lots 
" in towns situate on Canal I.ands to public purposes," passed 1839 ; or exchange the 
"same or any part thereof ; and for this purpose to execute a deed or deeds to the 
" purchaser for the lots or parts of lots in the city which may be more eligible for the 
" purpose of the original donation. The Common Council shall also have power to sell 
"and dispose of the whole or any part of lot 5 in Block 4 in the Original Town above 
"described, and execute to the purchaser a good and sufficient deed so as to vest in 
"him the legal title to the same; Provided, that in case the Common Council shall 
"lease all or either of said lots, or sell or dispose of said lot No. 5 in Block No. 4 of the 
•' Original Town, or any part thereof, the rents, issues and proceeds of such leases or 
"sale shall not be appropriated at any time hereafter to any other purpose than the 
"support of Common Schools in tlie City, or the purchase of suitable sites for school- 
" houses, as contemplated in the original donation of the same." 

April 7, 1847. — The Board of School Inspectors adopted a resolution 
recommending the Common Council to purchase eight lots in Block 113, 
School Section Addition, for a school site; and April 9, 1847, the Common 
Council passed an order authorizing the School Agent to purchase eight lots 
in said Block, provided the lots do not cost to exceed |450 per lot. 

May 23, 1847. — The Committee on Schools report the completion of the 
new school building for District No. 3, on West Madison Street, near Halsted 
Street. 

October 5, 1847. — The following petition signed by Henry B. Clarke, 

C. Wilder, Wm. Oaks, and O. Jackson, was presented to the Common 

Council : 

" Your petitioners would respectfully ask your Honorable Body to assist us to pro- 
cure a suitable place for a school, in tlu^ south part of Districts No's. 1 and 2. We 
have had a good school under your apiuopiiation of .*!100, for the last six months, and 
as the school is about to close, we are very anxious to have it continued. The build- 
ing we have used is upon a lot that costs iio icnt ; the building belongs to W. F. Mer- 
rick, for which he asks the sum of §.35. Your petitioners believe that with a twelve 
foot addition made to it. and lathing and plastering, it would be sufficiently large and 
comfortable for the winter. Should your Honorable Body see fit to appropriate the 
sum of Sloo and allow the use of the old stove of the Council room, the building could 
be bought and all the necessary repairs made. Your petitioners desire that their 
petition may be referred to the Committee on Schools, in whom your petitioners 
have confidence." 

Octobers, 1847. — The following Order was passed: 

" Ordered. Thatthe sum of SlOO be aopropriated from the School Tax Fund for the 
purchase, enlargement and repairs of the building which has been occupied during 
tlie past Summer as a school-house, in the southern part of School Districts No's 1 and 
2, in accordance with the prayers of the petitioners ; to be expended under the direc- 
tion of the Trustees of Districts No's. 1 and 2." 

The reports from the several Districts for December, 1847, show the attend- 
ance to have been as follows ; 

_^. . Total Average 

uistricts. Enrolment. Attendance. 

First and Second 660 469 

Third 423 300 

Fourth , 498 340 

Total 1,581 1,109 

The report of the School Agent for the year ending February 1, 1848, 

shows the condition of the School Fund to be as follows ; 

Nominal Amount of School Fund ,|50,994 19 

Loaned on Mortgage, nuiinly City property $27,786 68 

Loaned on Personal Security 6.820 84 

City of Chicago Bonds 1,158 00 

Making a total of Effective School Fund... ... ^35,765 52 



24 



Public Schools. 



The Receipts for the year were . \ 

Principal of School Fund i «ioaB7 

Interest ou Loans /"• ^TllL 

Rents {■ 

Saleof Block 113 S.S.Ada \' 

From City, on account of Incidental Expenses ' 

Ke- paid upon Expense Account '" 



Total Receipts 

Cash on hand, Feb. 



1, 1847 

The Expenditures for the year were : 

Loaned of Principal of School Fund 

Paid for Public Instruction , 

Expense Account 

School District No. Three 

Profit and Loss 



00 

4,865 37 

594 89 
1.702 21 

295 63 

127 91 

120,073 01 
1,684 63 
$21,757 64 



.$16,243.00 

. 4,248 76 

153.94 

31.50 



Total Expenditures 

Balance on hand Feb. 1, 1848. 



.$21,063.06 
694.58 



$21,757.64 

In March, 1848, a request was made for an approUialion of ^50 from the 
School Fund, to purchase books for children whose pa rents were unable to pur- 
chase them. The Committee on Schools reported ad' /ersely to this request, on 
the ground that the revenue of the Fund could not be Used for this purpose. 

June 28, 1848, the Common Council authorized ti 
L. Newberry of 85 feet adjoining the school lot in Di 
lot being but 111 feet front on Ohio Street) for the sum 

In July, 1848, a school was opened at Bridgeport, Lnd the teacher was paid 
for two months, when the School Inspectors discovered (that there was no author 
ity for a continuance of the school, and the school wa^ closed. 

The reports from the several School Districts for jthe month of December 
1848, show the attendance to have been 

Districts. 



le purchase from Walter 
5trict No. 4, (the original 
of $1,050. 



Total 

Enrolment. 

First and Second 864 

Third 405 

Fourth 578 

Total for the City 1,847 



636 
274 
370 

1,280 



September 11, 1848, the Committee on Schools iVeport that they had pur- 
chased at the sale of Canal Lands, lot 13, Block 22, fLc. Sec. 15, for a site for 
a school house, for ^630. This lot is located on the l|j. w. corner of Wabash 
Avenue and Twelfth Street, and is the lot on which thtl building stood in which 
the school in the southern part of Districts Nos. 1 and jg was located. This lot 
was occupied for school purposes till about the timel: the Haven School was 
built. The school in this building was taught by Mis^', Alice L. Barnard, now 
Principal of the Jones School. s 

The School Inspectors, in their Annual Report, Elated February 5, 1849, 
speak of the progress of the schools since their re-or[cranization in 1840, as 
follows : [ 

"Since the organization of our Public Schools in the i^utumn of 1840 there h-is 
been a change unparalleled in the school history of any \i^;estern city Then a few 
miserably clad children, unwaslied and uncombed, weref luiddled into small un- 
cleanly and unventihited apartmonts, seated upon uncomfortable benches' and 
taught by listless and inetflcieiit tutors, wlio began their dai.iy avocations with dread 
and completed what they considered their unpleasant duties with pleasure Now 



Historical Sketches. 25 

the scliool reports of the Townsliip show the names of nearly 3.000 pupils, two-thirds 
of whom are in clailv attendance in spacious, ventilated, well regulated school rooms, 
where they are tauglit by those whose duly is their Dleasure. The scholars are neat 
in person and oiderly in behavior, and by the excellfnt course of moral and mental 
training wliic > they receive, are being prepared to become good citizens, an honor to 
the City and State." 

They also ask for an appropriation for the enlargement of the school 
libraries, the purchase of globes, and that each scholar in the Primary Depart- 
ment be furnished with a slate, which, when not in use, can be left in the desk. 
They also ask that the power to select and appoint the teachers in the several 
School Districts, now vested in the Trustees of the Districts, be conferred upon 
the Board of Inspectors. 

In reference to school accommodations they report as follows: 
"The increase in tlie number of children and the crowded school rooms in the 
First and Second Districts, embracing the four Wards lyingbetween the South Branch 
and the Lake, render the erection of another school house absolutely necessary in the 
southern part of the city. The scliool -house on the west side of the Kiver hits been 
found to be admirably adapted to the wants of the schools and it is lecommended 
that an order be passed to build on Block 113, a house similar in size and arrange- 
ment to the one in School District No. Three." 

At the meeting of the Common Council held February 12, 1849, the follow- 
ing Orders were passed : 

" Ordered, That the sum of $100 be appropriated from the School Tax Fund to 
increase the libraries to the amount of S33.33 in each School District, the books to be 
selected by the Board of Inspectors, who will report an account of expenditure to 
the Common Council 

" Ordered, That the Committee on Schools purchase l ,000 slates for the use of the 
Primary Departments of the Schools, to l>e attached to the desks, and that the desks 
be prepared for the slates under the direction of the Conimiltee on Schools. The ex- 
pense of the slates and of preparing: the desl<s, to be paid from the Schodl Tax Fund. 

" Ordered, That the Board of School Inspectors be vested with the sole power of 
apnolnting and dismissing Teachers, and that so nnich of the Scliool Ordinance as 
confers the power of appiinting Teachers upon the Trustees, be and the same are 
hereliv repealed 

' Ordered, That a brick school house he built as soon as practicable on Block 113, 
School Section Addition, under the direction of the Committee on Schools, who are 
hereby directed to procure a plan and speciflcations for said building to be submitted 
to theOouncil." 

May 15, 1849, an order was passed adopting p^ans for a school building in 
the southern part of the city, and Committee on Schools was authorized to re- 
ceive proposals for erecting the building and to award contracts. 

July 25, 1849, the following order was adopted for the purchase of the lot 

now occupied by the Franklin School : 

" Ordered, That the Committee on Schools be authorized to purchase of Wm. B. 
Ogden, part of lot 72. Bronson's Addition, 181 feet front by 264 feet deep for $1,150, 
and pay him out of the avails of lot 5. 151ock 4, O. T., which was given to the City of 
Chicago for school purposes by the State of Illinois." 

November 26, 1849, the following order fixing the boundaries of the new 

School District in the southern part of the city ( Jones School District) was 

passed : 

" Ordered, That all that part of School Districts Xos. 1 and 2 be divided so 
as to make two Districts, and all of said Districts that lies south of a line drawn east 
aiid west through the center of the blocks lying between Monroe and Adams Streets, 
be known as the Second District." 

December 17, 1849, the Committee on Schools reports the completion of the 
school building in the District No. 2, on Block 113, S. S. Addition, at a cost 
of JS6,795. The building was opened the second week in January, 1850. 
Teachers, H. McChesney and C. McArthur. 



26 Public Schools. 

The attendance at the Public Schools of the city for the month of December, 
1849, was : 

„. , . , Total Average 

uistricts. Enrolment. Attendance. 

First and Second 845 536 

Thud 486 359 

Fourth 580 416 



Total 1,911 1,311 

In February, 1850, upon petition of the Teachers, asking a change of School 

Terms, which had heretofore been four in number, of 12 weeks each, with a 

vacation of one week at the close of each Term, the Common Council passed 

the following Order: 

" Ordered, That the first vacation in thH Coiiiinon Schools in tlie city shall liere- 
after commence with tiie last Saturday in June, and continue till the first Monday 
in Ansust of each year ; that tlie second vacation slial! be tlie week of the 
Christmas Holidays." 

The School Agent, Mr. William H. Brown, in his report to the Common 

Council, for the year ending February 1, 1850, closes as follows : 

"Ten years liave now elapsed siin?e I was appointed Agent of the City to man- 
age the Scliool Fund. I have devoted one third of my business liours to the securing, 
cullecting, and paying out the moneys belonging to it; lor which I have received 
scarcely any compensation. Every year has added to the amount of my labor and 
responsibility. Justice to myself now requires that I sliould be allowed a sufticient 
sum to employ a clerk to attend to that part of the duties of my office, which might 
be safely confided to such a person. My interest in the cause of education is 
sufficient to induce me to take the responsibility of managing tlie Fund without 
any compensation. Tliis appears to me all that duty requires at my liands." 

At the meeting of the Common Council, held February 18, 1850, the fol- 
lowing order was passed : 

" Ordered, That the Mayor and Cierk draw an order on the City Treasurer in favor 
of Mr. Win. H. Brown. School Agent, for the sum of $400 for clerk hire, for the school 
year ending February, 1850." 

The Common Council at its meeting held April 15th, 1850, passed the 

following order for the purchase of an addition to the Dearborn School lot, 

50 X 180 feet, being the ground now occupied by Rand, McNally & Co., and 

described as the west 50 feet of lot 7, Block 58, Original Town. 

" Orda-ed. That the Mayor and Clerk be and they are hereby directed to issue 
two bonds of .$1.2i0 each, beanng interest at the rate of ten per cent, per annum, to 
Alexander N. FuUerton, payable in one and two years from the first day of May next, 
respectively." 

In May, 1850, a communication signed by Daniel W. Richards, was pre- 
sented to the City Council and referred to the Committee on Schools, asking for 
school accommodations in the Sixth Ward, being the northern part of District 
No. Three, and comprising what was afterward known as the Washington 
School District; and claiming that the number of scholars in the Ward exceeds 
500. 

The Committee on Schools report, June, 1850, asking that the subject be 
referred to the Committee on Schools, together with the School Agent and the 
School Inspectors, wiih the request that they report at an early day. 

The Board of School Inspectors, in their report to the Common Council, 
bearing date November 30, 1850, ask for an appropriation of $200 for the pur- 
chase of a terrestrial globe and a set of large maps for each of the schools ; and 
recommend that the sessions of the schools be held five days each week instead 
of five and a half days, as heretofore ; and that the half day on Saturdays be 



Historical Sketches. 27 

devoted to a Teachers' Institute. Also, that two school houses be erected 

during the next year; and that in order to raise the amount of money required 

for this purpose, the City Charter be amended so as to be able to levy a larger tax 

than is now allowed. 

In compliance with the above request and recommendations, the Common 

Council, at a meeting held December 16, 1850, passed an order appropriating the 

sum of ^200 for the purchase of globes and maps, to be expended under the 

direction of the School Inspectors, and also adopted the following amendment to 

Section 23 of the Ordinance relating to Pu'-lic Schools : 

'• Tlie Terms of t'le Public Schools of the City shall coiiniience on the second day of 
January, and the first Monday in Auirust, and close on the last Friday in June, and 
on the 24th day of December, in each year ; Pwviiled, that when the second day of 
January shall not come on or before Wednesday of the first week in January, then 
said Schools shall not commence until the followiui^ Monday ; said Schools to con- 
tinue five d lys in each week, at such hours both forenoon and afternoon as the In- 
spectors shall direct; and the Teachers in all the Schools shall meet on ^^aturdays, 
under the direction of the Inspectors, for their own improvement hi teaching." 

During the month of December, 1850, a petition was presented to the Com." 
mon Council, signed by residents of the district west of the South-West Plank 
Road, (the present Brown School District,) representing that they were one and 
a half miles distant from the nearest school ; that they had a school room fur- 
nished, which had been built by the inhabitants, and asking that a Teacher be 
assigned to teach in said school. During the same month the Common Council 
passed an order authorizing the Trustees of District No. Three, in connection 
with the Board of School Inspectors, to employ a competent Teacher to take 
charge of the school. The school was continued during the Winter, but at the 
meeting of April 26,1851, the Board of School Inspectors adopted the following 

resolution : 

" R;so'ueri, That the school established last Fall, by an Order of the Common 
Council, in a school house in the western part of tiie City, beiiip; so near tlie west 
limits of the c rporation as to accommodate but a few families living in the City, 
ought not to be continued at the expense of the City, audit is therefore recommended 
that an Order be passed directing its discontinuance." 

May 30, 1851, the Common Council passed the following order, discontin- 
uing the scliool : 

•■ Ofdend. That the s(!hool establislied in the western part of the City, some time 
last Fall, be, and the same is, hereby ciisconllnued. 

In February, 1852, the residents of this section of the City again petitioned 
the Common Council for the appointment of a Teacher, which resulted in an 
appropriation of ^75. 

December 13, 1852, the residents in the same neighl^oi-hood again petitioned 
the Common Council for an appropriation for the payment of a teacher, in the 
school building located between Madison and Washington Streets, and lately 
occupied by Miss Case. 

In response to this petition, the Council made an appropriation of $171, 
which, with an unexpended balance of ^21 from a previous appropriation, made 
up the salary of a teacher for one year, and the Trustees employed Miss M. E. 
Hartley. 

In February, 1851, the Common Council authorized the Committee on 
Schools to advertise for proposals for a school site in the Sixth Ward, north of 
Kinzie Street, and about the same distance west of the river as School No 3j 



28 Public Schools. 

and also to procure plans for a building, and at the meeting of the Council, April 
28, 1851, a proposition of Henry Smith, agent, to sell lots 12 to 16 (both 
inclusive,) in Block 14, Ogden's Addition, for the sum of ^1,250 was accepted, and 
the Mayor and Clerk were authorized to issue a City Bond for this amount, pay- 
able in one year, bearing ten per cent, interest. This is the site now occupied 
by the Sangamon Street School, formerly known as the Washington School, 
corner of Indiana and Sangamon Streets. 

The Act approved February 14, 1851, provides as follows: 
Chapter- V. 

Section 7. All improvements on any Scliool or Canal lands or lots, and all 
improvements on the Wharfing Privileges in said City, together witii the interest of 
llie lessees or occupants in the premises, whether by lease, covenant or deed, shall 
be subject to taxation, as real estate. And the personal propeity of the owner of 
such iriiprovemeiits shall be liable for such taxes, and upon a failure to pay the same 
the Collector may levy upon and sell the goods and chattels of such occupant or 
lessee for the payment thereof and costs. And in case such lessee or occupant shall 
have no personal estate or neglect to pay the taxes, the interest of such lessee or 
occupant in such premises, together with the improvements, may be sold as real 
estate ; Provided, the purchaser shall acquire no greater rights in the l\nd than the 
tenant or occupant thereof had, but shall take the same, subject to all the covenants 
and agreements in relation thereto. 

Chapter XI. 
Skc. 1. The School Lands and School Fund of Township 39 N, R 14 E, of Third 
Principal Meridian shall be, and the same are. hereby vested in the City of Chicago. 
The Common Council shall, at all times, have power to do all acts and things in 
relation to said School La:tfis and School Funds which they may think proper to their 
safe preservation and efficient management; and sell or lease said lands, and all 
Canal or otiier lots or lands, or other property which may have been or may hereafter 
be donated to the School Fund, on such terms, and at such times, as ttie Common 
Council shall deem mosl advantageous ; and on such sale or sales, lease or leasings. 
to make, execute and deliver all pioper conveyances, which said conveyances shall 
be signed by the Mayor and countersigned by the Clerk, and sealed with tlie corpor- 
ate seal ; Provided, that the proceeds arising from such sales shall be added to and 
constitute a part of the School Fund. 

Sec. 2. Nothing shall be done to impair the principal of said Fund, or to appro- 
priate the interest accruinir fro n the same to any other purpose tlian the payment of 
the teachers in the Public Schools in said Township; and any school established in 
said Township, without the limits of said City, shall be entitled to the same benefits 
and advantages from the said Fund, as it would be without the passage of this Act, 
except as to donations which have been or may hereafter be made to the same. 

Sec. 3. The Common Council shall have power : 

First. To erect, hire or purchase buildings suitable for school -houses, and keep 
the same in repair. 

Second, To buy or lease sites for si'hool-houses, with the necessary grounds. 

Third. To f irnisli schools with necessary fixtures, furniture and apparatus. 

Fourth, To establish, support, and maintain schools and supply the inadequacy 
of the School Fund for the payment of City Teachers from school taxes. 

Fifth, To fix the amount of eoinpensaiion to be allowed to teachers. 

Sixth, To prescribe the school books to be used and the studies to be taught in the 
ditterent schools. 

Seventh, To lay off and divide the City into School Districts, and from time to time 
to alter the same or create new ones, as circumstances may require. 

E'ohth. To appoint seven Inspectors to be denominated "Board of School 
Inspectors"; also three Tiustees of Schools in each District. 

Ninth. To establish and prescribe the powers and duties of the Board of School 
Inspectors and School Trustees. 

Tenth, And generally have and possess all the rights, powers, and authority 
necessary for the proper 'management of schools, and the School Lands and Funds 
belonging to the Township, with power to enact such ordinances as mav be necessary 
to carry their powers and duties into eft'ect. 

Sec, 4. The School Agent shall have the custody and managementof the money, 
securities and property belonging to the School Fund, subject to the direction of the 
Common Couneil. 

Sec. 5. The School Agent, before entering upon his duties shall give bonds in 
such amount and with such conditions and sureties as the Common Council may 
require. His compensation shall be paid out of the School Fund ; and he shall be 
subject, for misconduct in office, to the same penalties and imprisonment as School 
Coiiunissionei s are. or may be subject to, bv law. 

Sec. 6. The School Fiind shall be kept loaned at interest at the rate of twelve 
per cent, per annum, payable semi-annually in advance. >Jo loan shall be made 



Historical Sketches. 29 

hereafter for a longer period than ten years, and all loans exceeding one hundred 
dollars shall be secured by unencumbered real estate of double the value of the sum 
loaned, exclusive of the value of the perishable iniprovenients thereon. For sums of 
one liundred dollars and less, two good sureties besides tlie principal shall be 
required ; Provided, the Oomnion Council shall have the power to reduce the rate of 
interest by a vote of two-thirds of all the Aldermen elected. 

Sec. 7. All notes and securities shall be taken to the C^ity of Chicago, for the use 
of the inhabitants of said Township for school purposes, and in that name all suits, 
actions, and every description of legal iiroceedings may be had. 

Sec 8. All expenses of preparingor recording securities shall be paid exclusively 
by the borrower. 

Skc. 9. In the payment of debts of deceased persons, those due the School Fund 
shall be paid in preference to all others, except expenses attending the last illness 
and funeral of the deceased, not including the physicians' bill. 

Skc. 10. If default be made in tlie payment of interest or of the principal, when 
due. interest at tiie rate of litteen per cent. u|>on the same, shall be charged from the 
default, ami may be recovered by suit or otherwise. Suits may be brought for inter- 
est only, when the Principal is not due. 

Skc. 11. All juilgnients recovered for Interest or principal, or both, shall respect- 
ively bear interest at twelve per cent, per annum, from the rendition of judgment 
until p;iid : and in case of the sale of real estate thereon, the City of Chicago may 
become tlic iiui chaser thereof for the use of the School Fund, and shall be entitled to 
the same rights given by law to other purchasers. On redemption, twelve percent, 
interest shall be jtaid from the time of sale. 

Sec. 13. No costs made in the course of any judicial proceedings, in which the 
City of Chicago, for the use of the School Fund, may be a party, shall be changeable 
to the School Fund. 

Sec. 13. If the security of any loan should, at any time before the same is due, 
become, in the united judgment of the School Agent aiid Common Council, insecure, 
the Agent shall notify the person indebted thereof; and unless turiher satisfactory 
security shall be forthwith given by the debtor, judgment may be recovered thereon 
as in <<ther cases, altliough no condition to that eflect be inserted in the note or other 
security. 

Sec. 14. The Common Council shall annually publish, on the second Tuesday ni 
February, in the corporation newspaper of the City, the number of pupils inslrucied 
in the year preceding, the .several branches of education pursued by them, and the 
receipts and expenditures of each school, specifying the sources of such receipts, and 
the object of such expenditures. 

Sec. 1.5. The school tax shall be paid into the City Treasury, and be kept a 
separate fund for the building of school houses, and keeping the same in repair, and 
supporting and maintaining schools. 

May 30, 1851, the Common Council passed an Order authorizing and em- 
powering the Committee on Schools and the Mayor to negotiate a loan of $8,0(10 
to be expended in erecting School Houses in the North and West Divisions of 
the city, payable in two yeais from the first day of June, A. D., 1851 ; and also 
an 01 der authorizing the Committee on Schools, together with the Board of In- 
spectors to adopt plans for said buildings, to advertise for proposals for their erec- 
tion and to let the same to the lowest bidders, provided the cost of the same 
shall not exceed $4,000 each. 

The order authorizing the loaning of $8,000 was repealed at a subsequent 
meeting of the Council, September 19, 1851, and an order was adopted in its 
stead authorizing the issue of City Bonds, payable in two years from June 1,1851. 

July 2, 1851, the Committee on Schools report proposals received for the 
erection of these buildings, one to be located corner of Division and Sedgwick 
Streets (Franklin .School budding), and the other, corner Indiana and Sangamon 
Streets (now known as Sangamon Street School building, formerly known as the 
Washington School building), and an order was passed authorizing the award 
of contracts at a slight advance on the amount fixed, $4,000 each. 

The following Sections of the Ordinance in relation to Public Schools, 
passed September 8, 1851, shows the duties and powers of School Inspectors and 
School Trustees; they are essentially the same as in the Ordinance of 1849, 



30 Public Schools. 

except that the Ordinance of 1849 fixes the salaiy^of the Principal Assistant, 

(Sec 8,) at |250 instead of $400 : 

Be it Ordained by (lie Common Council of the City of Chicago : 

" Section l. That lliere shall be established in this city at least one Common 
School m each District, now or herealter to be created, and tliaffree instrnetion shall 
be liiven in said Schools to all children residing within the limits of the city, who are 
over the age of five years, and who may be sent to or attend such schools, subject to 
the rules and regulations herein contained. 

'• Sec. 2. The Common Council shall annually appoint seven Inspectors of Com- 
mon Schools in and for the city, and three Trustees of Common Schools in eacli 
School J)istrict. 

"SEC. 3. The Inspectors of Common Schools shall have the entire superinten- 
dence and control of ihe schools ; and it shall be their duty to examine all persons 
otfering themselves as candidates for teachers, and when found well qualified, give 
them certiflcates thereof gratuitously ; to visit all the Public Schools as ofien as once 
a month ; to inquire into the progress of the scholars and the governmeul of the 
schools; to prescribe the courses and methods of discipline and instruciion of the 
respective schools and to see that they are maintained and pursued in a pi'oper man- 
ner ; to prescribe what studies shall be taught, and what books and apparatus shall 
be used. 

"Sec. 4. The Inspectors have power to expel any pupil who may be guilty of 
gross disobedience or misconduct, whenever tliey may be of tlie opinion tnat the m- 
terest of tlie school requires sudi expulsion ; anil after such expulsion, such scholar 
shall not be admitted into any ot the Public Schools, unless by express permission of 
the Inspectors. 

" Sec. 5. The Inspeclors shall also have power to dismiss or remove any teacher, 
whenever in their opinion he is unqualilied to leach, and whenever, from an\ cause, 
the interests of the school may, in their opinion, require such removal or dismission. 

"Sec. 6. The School Inspectors shall have power to apportlmi the scliolars to 
tlie several schools, so as to make the number in each sihooi as nearly equal as pos- 
sible ; but no scholar shall attend any school out of the District in which he or slie 
resides, without the written permission of the Inspectors. 

'• Sec 7. It shall be the duty of the Inspectors to eslablish all such by-laws, rules 
and regulations for theii' uwn government, and for the establishment and main- 
tenance of a proper and uniform system of discipline in the scliools, as may in their 
opinion be necessary. 

"Sec. 8. It shall be the duty of the Inspectors to classify the female teachers in 
the Public School into three grades. 'Ihe first grade shall be deiiomiMaled Principal 
Assistants, and shall leceive a coiniiensatioii of not exceeding .^400 ; the second grade 
shall be denominated Ass stant Teachers and shall each receive a compensation at 
the rate of .'#200 per annum; the tlie third grade shall be denominaled Primary 
Assistant Teachers and shall each receive a compensation of $150 per anmin. 

" Sec. 9. It shall be the duty of the Inspectors, from time to time, to fix ihe com- 
pensation of each Principal Male Teacher in the Public Schools, which compensation 
shall be determined mainly with reference to the (pialitications of eacli teacher and 
his succes-i in teaching, but the nuinber scholars taught may also be considered ; 
Provided, that such compensation shall not be le.ss than .^-300 nor more than .f 800. 

"Sec. 10. 'Ihe School Inspectors shall from time to time determine how many 
and what classes of teachers may be employed in each of the Public Schools, and 
to notify the Trustees oC each Distiict of their determinaiion in regard to each Dis- 
trict, and the Trustees shall thereupon emjiloy such teachers. 

"Sec. 11. Whenever the Inspectors shall direct an increase of the number of 
Teachers in any school, aiiv alt-ratious in the class of Teachers, or any increase in 
the salary of the male Teachers, it shall be their duty to report the same to the Com- 
mon Council. 

"Sec. \'i. (Relates to the publication of proceedings as provided for in previous 
Ordinances.) 

" Skc. 13. It shall be the duty of the Trustees to employ suitable Teachers in 
tlreir respective Districts; luit no person shall be employed by them who shall not 
produce a certificate from the Inspectors of the Common Scliools. for the time being, 
that he lias been examined bytli*m.is qualified to teach, and has a good moral 
character ; and no contract shall be made with any Teacher for a longer term than 
one year. 

" Sec. 14. It shall hereafter be the duty of the School Trustees to take charge 
of the school houses, furniture, grounds and other property belonging to their School 
Districts respectively, and see that the same are kept iii good condition, and not 
suffered to be unnecessarily injured or deteriorated ; and also to provide fuel and such 
other convenieucies foi the schools, as in their opinion maybe required, subject to 
the restrictions hereinafter mentioned. 

" Sec. 15. The School Trustees shall, whenever in their opinion the same may be 
necessary, recommend to the Common Council such alterations, additions, and im- 
provements as may be required. eith°r in the school houses, furniture, desks, benches, 
apparatus, or other iiroperiy belonging to then- Districts respectively : Provided , -how- 
ever, that the Trustees shall not have power to make any contract for the same, or 
cause any expenditures to be made for any purpose whatsoever, except for fuel and 



Historical Sketches. 31 



water, without the express direction and authority of the Common Council, or the 
Committee on Schools ; and all bills for repairs, furniture, desks, benches, apparatus, 
fuel, etc., etc., shall be audited by the Coiiimon Council, and paid out of the School 
Tax Fund. An appropriation shall be made from time to time to the Trustees, by 
the Common Council, to meet such necessary expenses as fuel, water, etc., in the 
several Districts." 

November 10, 1851, the Committee on Schools report the cofupletion of the 
mason work on the building in the West Division ; and an order is passed giving 
authority to contract for furniture for the building, and December 4, 1851, the 
Committee reports the completion of the building. The Washington and Frank- 
lin School buildings were opened in January, 1852. 

The boundary line between the two Schools in the West Division of the City, 
(the Scammon and the Washington Schools,) is fixed at Randolph Street ; and 
between the Kinzie and Franklin Schools, in the North Division, at Chicago 
Avenue. 

In February, 1853, Mr. W. H. Brown resigned his position as School 
Agent, which he had held for thirteen years, serving most of the time without 
compensation. 

The following are the resolutions adopted by the Common Council, Febru- 
ary 14, 1853 : 

"Whereas, In the resignation of Wni. H. Brown, late School Agent for this City, 
the community has lost the services of a faithful, diligent and meriiorious officer, one 
who for the long period of ihirteen years has bestowed a patriarclial care to the fos- 
tering and judicious nuiuagement of that sacred trust, the School Fund : and. 

Whereas, Although the unsolicited expression of public Mjiprobaiion may 
not add one iota to the already established character of the individual who is the 
object of it, yet we believe that a testimonial of this nature may attoid to any honor- 
able mind a feeUng of pleasure and gratification on retiring from oftice with the un- 
biassed verdict of well done good and faitliful servant : 

" Therefore Resolved bu the Mauor and Aldermen of the City of Chicago, in Com- 
mon Council Assembled. That we tsnder to VVilhain H. Brown, late School Agent, 
our fullest expression of respect and approbation for the correct and judicious manner 
in wliich. for such a long period, he has fulfilled the duties appertaining lo his late 
position : 

" Resolved, That in the economical execution and careful attention with which the 
late Agent has performed his otiicial requirements, we have here presented, for the 
future guidance of liis successors, an example well worthv of imitation, and in wliicli 
we discovf r tlie very unusual occurrence of a public office being lielil torso long a 
period, more lor the promotion of a laudable and praiseworthy object than for the 
emolument attached to it : 

"Resolved. That for the full carrying out of the intention of this preamble, and 
these resolutions, an authenticated copy of the same be pi esented to \V. 11. Brown by 
the appropriate City Officers." 

iVIr. Brown reports the effective School Fund at the time of his resignation 

as follows ; 

Loans secured by Ileal Estate $28.527 18 

Loans oil Personal Security . 7,437 59 

Balance, Cash on hand 5,158 43 

Total $41,123 20 

Mr. James Long succeeded Mr. Brown in the office of School Agent. 

May 30, 1853, the residents in the southern part of the city, in the vicinity 
of the works of the American Car Co., petitioned the Common Council to take 
immediate steps for the purchase of a site, and the erection of a building some- 
where on Section 27, in the vicinity of said works ; and the Common Council, 
June 27, 1853, directed the Committee on Schools to procure propositions to sell 
suitable grounds in this vicinity, and report back to the Council at its earliest 
convenience. 



^^ ^""^^ic Schools. 



In May 1853 a C 

man Council : ' ' "'' ^""^^^"g communication was present d t h 

the necessary seats and desks IrT. ^"'^°"^^d the School A.ent to nr 
--ed m; and, duri„; jL ame'\ 'f ^' ^^^^^^^^^ ^'^e exp n e XllT: 
known as the MoseleyScLont.""^^' ^'^'^^"J district No 7 aft . 

and 28, and thr^^ t District, was establi.h^rl . ' ^^^^™'ard 

three Trustees were elected. '^''"^^^^' comprising Sections 27 

J^n December I^'"'^ u 
school site on W.LnZ' ^°"°^'"g order was passed for fh 

"' '^o^tr ss" "" '-'' ""''-^ -^'^^::<:^ 

January 3, 1854 fh^ r- -^^easuiy, not otherwise 

to the Boanl of Sclmoi I"* '""'•^ convenient ri> Ji ^ "-^ C/»-caffo'; 



Historical Sketches. 33 

in any way to the organization, discipline, and instruction of Public Scliools, to the 
end tliat all tUe children in this ciiy who are instructed at the Public Schools, may 
obtain the best education which these Schools are able to impart." 

'• Skc. 3. He shall visit all the schools as often as his duties will permit, and shall 
pay particular attention lo the classiflcation of the pupils in the several sihools, and 
to'tlie apportionmnnt amonj? the pupils of the pres ribed studies. In passing daily 
from scliool to school, he shall endeavor to transfer improv^ements, and to remedy 
defects. , , ,. 

" Sec. 4. He shall attend all the meetings ot the Board of Inspectors, and shall 
act as Secretary thereof ; he shall keep the Board of Inspectors constantly inform- 
ed of tlie condition of tlie Public Schools, and the changes required in the same ; 
he shall keep a record of all his proceedings, at all times open to the Inspectors. A 
general report of the condition of the Public Schools shall be prepared by him at the 
close of each school year, for publication. He shall, moreover, report to the Board of 
School Inspectors from time to time, such by-laws and regulations for the govern- 
ment, discipline and management of the Public Schools, as he may deem expedient, 
and the same may be adopted by the Board ; and he shall also perform such other 
duties as the l?oartl of Inspectors shiill from time to time direct. 

•'Sec. 5. The Superintendent is authorized to grant permits to pupils In certain 
cases, to enter school at any time during the quarter, and also to grnnt permits to 
l)upils resident in one District, to attend school in another when there are good 
reasons for the change. 

" Skc. 6. The Superintendent shall carefully observe the teaching and disci- 
pline of all the teachers employed in the Public Schools, and shall report to the 
Board whenever lie shall And any teacher deficient or incompetent in the discharge 
of his or her dut:es. 

" Sec. 7. The Superintendent may at all times be removed by a vote of two- 
tliirdsof the Common Council." 

June 23, 1854, this Ordinance was so amended that instead of fixing the 
salary at One Thousand Dollars per annum, it was provided that the salary shall 
be fixed from time to time, by the Board of School Inspectors, with the proviso 
that the salary shall not exceed f 1,500 per annum. 

December 30, 1853, the Board of School Inspectors elected John D. Phil- 
brick, Principal of the State Normal School, New Britain, Conn., Superinten- 
dent of Schools, at a salary of $1,500 per annum. Mr. Philbrick declined to 
accept the position ; and March 6, 1854, John C. Dore, Principal of the Boylston 
Grammar School of Boston, Mass, was elected. Mr. Doie assumed the duties 
of Superintendent of Schools in June, 1854, and resigned March 15, 1856 ; and 
was succeeded by William H, Wells, Principal of the Normal School at West- 
field, Mass. 

At the time of the establishment of the office of Superintendent of Schools, 
the Enrolment of Pupils was about 3,000 and the number of Teachers 
was 35. 

May '22, 1854, the Common Council passed the following order, authoriz- 
ing the purchase of the school site now occupied by the Foster School : 

" Ordered, That tlie Mayor and Clerk be authorized to purchase lots 7 and 8 of 
Block HS, Canal Trustees Sul)division of Blocks in the west half of Section 31, 39, 14, 
for a site for a Public School house : Provided, the parties owning the same will 
respectively, take for lot 8, $3,200, and for lot 7, $2,600 ; the said owners assigning to 
the (tity, the certificates of the Canal Trustees for said lots ; and receiving in cash the 
balance of the above amounts not yet due on said certificates." 

February 19, 1855, an order was passed by the Common Council, directing 

the Committee on Schools to receive proposals for the erection of two wooden 

school houses, 45 x 26 feet, two stories high, one on the lot west of Union 

Park, (Brown School;) and the other on the lot now known as the Foster 

School lot. 

March 6, 1855, authority was given to the Mayor and Clerk to enter into 
contract for the erection of these buildings, to be completed by June 15, at a cost 
not to exceed ^2,087 each. 



34 Public Schools. 

October 30. 18'i4, the following order was passed by the Common Council: 

"Ordered. Tliat. the Coinr".ittt^e on Scliools he dir ctcd to inquiie into the pro- 
priety iif caiislnir Block 1. in school Section Addition, to be laid out into lots and 
leased for the benefit of the School Fund." 

Prior to this time, Block 1, with the exception of the portion used by 

the Scammon School, appears to have been occupi'-d by squatters, and the School 

Agent, in his report, submitted February 1, 18o5, says : 

" I would respectfully c;ill your Mtttentioii to the fact that there is a large portion 
of Block 1 from whicli we derive no income. Tlie sinie is now occupied bv trespass- 
ers, over whom lean exercise no authority, and who should be compelled to vacate 
the land that tlie same may be rented to responsible tenants." 

In March, 1855, the following order for the sub-division of this Block and 

the removal of the sqmtters was passed: 

" Ordered. '\'\\;\\ tlie School Au:ent he directed to cause the west half of Block 1, 
School Section A dition to ChicaL'o to be laid ott into lots lOO feet deep, fronting on 
Madison and Monroe Streets, with an iilley 15 feet deep baclx of each of these tiers, 
and lot-< froiiiinji on Haiste'l Street t- feet deep, to be appraised and rented as other 
sclU'ol property of the School Fund. 

•'Ordered. rii;it Mi-- Marshal take the necessary legal steps to remove from 
Block I.Soliool Section Addition to Chicago, all persons who have placed buildings 
on it without authority of the city." 

The Committee on Scho"ls in their report on the Annual Report of the 

Sch )ol Agent for the year ending February 1, 1855, speaks in the following 

manner on the matter of t'le sale of school lands : 

"Butthere-il estate belonging to the Scho(d Fund, though heretofore yielding 
less revHiiiie, is by far th"^ most im)iort:iiit, as in it, -are the elements of growth in 
value, commensuiate with the growth of the city and surrounding coiiutrv. 

" If the real estate yet belonging lo tlie <cliool Fund, tliough hut a fraction of 
what it once was. stnll be jndiciouslv maiiMged an ' kept, and it costs nothing to keep 
It, the next generation m ly be in possession of a revenue adequate for tlie support of 
the grandest system of I'uhlic Sf-liools of anveity in the world." 

" A CO nparisoii of the sin 11 cmsIi School Fniid now on hand, (about .$40,000,) with 
the value of lots, near'y all of the School Section Addition to Chicago, that 
were sold but a few veirs ngo, now worth -'t a low estimate six millions of dollars, 
and almost certiin to quadi'ui)Ie in the next twenty years, will show in the stronge*;! 
possilile light the follv of selling school lots or lands i'l a growing city or country 
to obtain a revenue for school purposes: and yet the whole cuutry is dotted over 
with the marks of similar, though generally less disastrous strokes of policy." 

August 20, 1855, the Mayorand Clerk, with the Chairman of the Committee 
on Schools were authorized to purchase a school site on Chestnut Street, north of 
Chicago Avenue (Ogden School lot), 178^x106 feet, for $11,041.25, on canal 
time. 

The purchase of this lot however was not carried through at the time, and 
February 7, 1856, the Mayor was authorized to purchase 200x150 feet on the 
south west corner of Wolcott and Elm Street (Sheldon School lot) at a price not 
to exceed ^9,000. 

In March, 1856, contracts were awarded for the erection of the Moseley and 
Ogden School buildings, and in April of the same year a petition of residents of 
the North Division was presented, asking that the school building (Ogden School 
buil ling) be erected on the lot on Chestnut Street, east of Clark ; and the site 
which was ordered purchased in August, 1855, at |1 1,041. 25 was purchased at this 
time at a cost of $11,790.79, the advance in price being allowance for interest 
during the period elapsing since the original ordei to purchase was passed. 

December 29, 1855, Mr. Flavel Moseley, an active supporter of the Public 
School System of the City, and member of the Board of Education from 1850 
to 1864, established the " Moseley Public School Book Fund," by a donation of 



Historical Sketches. 35 

;?1,000, the annual interest upon which was to be expended in the purchase of 
text-books for children attending the Public Schools of the City, whose parents 
were unable to furnish them with the necessary books. This Fund was increased 
in the year 1867 by a bequest of ^10,000, made by Mr Moseley, at his death, so 
that the Fund now amounts to $11,000. 

In April, 1856, Elias Greenebaum was elected School Agent, and served till 
March, 1857, when he was succeeded by Eugene C. Long. 

In October, 1856, the Chicago High School was opened ; full particulars o 
the history of this school can be found undir the head of High Schools. 

November 24, 1856, the Common Council passed an Ordinance in reference 
to the Terms of the Schools, as follows: The Winter Tei-m to commence on 
the second day in January, unless it falls later in the week than Wednesday, in 
which case the Term shall commence on the Monday following, and close two 
weeks before the last Friday in April; the Summer Term, to commence the 
Monday after the last Friday in April, and close the second Friday in July; the 
Fall Term, to commence on the first Monday in September, and close on the 
24th day of December. 

February 22, 1858, the boundaries of the Ogden School District were fixed 
by the Common Council, so as to comprise all that portion of the North Division 
of the city lying east of Clark Street and south of Division Street. 

The Board of School Inspectors which had, since its organization, consisted 
of seven members, appointed annually by the Common Council, was increased 
to fifteen members by the following provision of the amended City Charter, passed 
by the State Legislature and approved February 16, 1857. The office of School 
Trustees was also abolished by this Act. 

" Section 77. The Common Council of said city shall, before the first Tuesday 
of May after the passage of this Act, appoint fifteen School Inspectors, who shall be 
denominated and styled "The Board of Education " of said city. The said Board 
shall be divided into three classes of five members each, those of the first class shall 
vacate their seats at the expiration of the first year, those of the second class at the 
end of the second year, and those of the third class at the end of the third year, so 
that five new members sliall be appointed in every year to succeed those whose terms 
of office will expire. The Board of Aldermen, in electing the first Board, sliall desig- 
nate the class or term to whicli each Inspector belongs, and the members of said Board, 
so elected, shall enter upon the discharge of their duties on the said first Tuesday 
in May, and shall hold their office for one, two and three years, accordina to their 
respective class as designated by said Board of Aldermen when they are so elected, 
and the same shall be entered upon the journal of proceedings of said Board. 

'• Sec;. 78. After the first annual election of said Board of Insp.^ctors, the Board 
of Aldermen shall, annually, thereafter, on or before the first Tuesday in May of every 
year, appoint five Inspectors of said Board of Education, who shall hold their office 
for three years, and until their successors are elected and qualified, and shall enter 
upon the discharge of their duties on the first Tuesday of May in each year. 

'• Sec. 79. The duties of said Board of Education shall be the same as they now 
are, or may hereafter be prescribed by the laws and Ordinances of the city. 

"Sec. 80. All provisions of law providing for the appointment or election of 
School Trustees in said city after the first Tuesday in March next are hereby expressly 
repealed. 

During the month of February, 1857, Dr. John H. Foster, a member of the 

Board of Education, donated to the City $1,000, the interest on which is to be 

used by the Board of Education and the Superintendent of Schools in the 

purchase of gold, silver or bronze medals, or diplomas, to be awarded to the 

most deserving scholars in the different departments of the Public Grammar 

Schools of the City. 



36 



Public Schools. 



March 23, 1857, authority was granted by the Common Council to procure 
plans fur permanent buildings in School Districts Nos. 8 and 9, (Brown and 
Foster School Districts) and in July of the same year authority was granted to 
heat the school building in District No. 8 (Brown School) with steam. This 
was the first school building heated by steam. These buildings were opened about 
the commencement of the year 1858. 

The two story frame building which had been used by the Brown School 
since 1855, was removed shortly after the completion of the new building, to the 
Wells school lot, corner of Ashland Avenue and Cornelia Street, a little over 
one mile north, and after the erection of the permanent building on the Wells 
School lot, in 186R, it was again removed to the Burr School lot, corner of Ash- 
land and Waubansia Avenues, about a mile distant, remaining in this location 
till the permanent building was erected on this lot, in 1873, when it was again 
removed to the Wicker Park School lot, on Evergreen Avenue, near Robey Street, 
a little over a mile, where it is still in use, an addition having been made to the 
building while on the Burr School lot. 

In February, 1858, the power to fix the boundaries of School Districts was 

delegated by the Common Council to the Board of School Inspectors. During 

the same month the school buildings heretofore designated by numbers, were 

named as follows: 

Sniiool No. 1 Dearborn School. Scliool No. 6 Washington School. 

School No. 2 .Tones School. School No. 7 Moseley School. 

So.hool No. 3, ...S'amnion School. School No. 8 Brown School. 

Scliool No. 4 Kinzie School. Sclioot No. 9 Foster School. 

School No. 5 ....Franklin School. School No. 10 Ogden School. 

April 26, 1858, the Common Council passed the following orders, which 
placed in the hands of the Board of Education, the designation of school sites, 
and the kind of building to be erected ; and requiring that all bills against the 
School Tax Fund, shall pass under the supervision of the Board. 

" Ordered, That when new School buildings are ordered by the Connnon Coun- 
cil, it sliall lie the duty ot tlie Board of Education to designate the proper location 
for the same ; they shall also designate the kind of huilding to be erected, and pro- 
cure the necessary plans and estimates for the same, to be submitted to the Common 
Couneil for approval." 

" Ordered, That no money sliall be charged to the School Tax Fund, for improve- 
ments or repairs to scliool premises, nor for any supplies of any kind, unless the 
same shall have been submitted by the Board of Education, and the bills approved 
by them." 

May 4, 1858, Mr. William Jones, a member of the Board of Education 

from 1840 to 1848, donated to the City one thousand dollars, the interest on 

which was to be expended in purchasing text-books, slates, etc., for indigent 

children attending the Jones School ; and in furnishing books of reference, maps, 

globes and such other apparatus as may be desirable in said school. 

June 7, 1858, the Common Council authorized, upon the recommendation of 
the Board of Education, the purchase of the site for the Newberry School, for 
$4,500; also the award of contracts for the erection of the school building in 
accordance with plans submitted ; and in July, 1858, the purchase of the Wells 
School lot for ^2,152.50, was authorized. 

September 15, 1858, the Board of Education instructed the Committee on 
Buildings and Grounds, to erect a school building on the lot corner of Wabash 



Historical Sketches. 37 



Avenue and Twelfth street, at a cost not to exceed ;^1,500. This building 
was a two story frame building, one room on each floor, and remained on this 
site till the erection of the Haven School building, when the lot was sold, and 
the building was removed to the Jones School lot, on the corner of Hariison 
and Griswold streets, and joined to another frame building standing on this 
lot which had been used as an Engine House. These frame buildings escaped 
destruction at the time of the Great P'lre, the fire passing over them, but destroying 
the main building of the Jones School, standing on Clark street. They were 
occupied by the Police Department after the Fire, until the erection of their new 
buildings on the same site — the frame buildings having been removed to the 
Clark street front of the Jones School lot, where they still stand. 

During the year 1859, a Clerk was first employed in the office of the 
Superintendent of Schools, and Mr. Samuel Hall served in this capacity till 
February, 1860, when he was succeeded by Mr. Shepherd Johnston. At the 
session of the Legislature during the Winter of 1867, provision was made for 
the appointment by the Board of a Clerk of the Board of Education, and April 
2, 1867, Mr. Johnston was elected to such position and still serves in that 
capacity. 

May 23, 1859, H. N. Heald was appointed School Agent; who was suc- 
ceeded in the following year by Samuel D. Ward, City Comptroller, who held 
the office of School Agent, ex-officio. 

March 6, 1861, the Board of Education adopted a Graded Course of Instruc- 
tion prepared by the Superintendent of Schools, Mr. Wm. H. Wells, which was 
the beginning of the thoroughly graded system upon which our Public Schools 
are based at the present time. This was the first attempt to embody an extended 
Graded Course of Instruction, and immediately on its publication it was exten- 
sively copied by other cities, with various modifications to adapt it to their several 
needs. 

October 21, 1861, authority was granted by the Common Council to award 
the contract for the erection of the four room frame building on the Scammon 
School lot. 

April 29, 1862, Mr. Walter L. Newberry, for several years a member of 
the Board, and President of the Board during the years 1863-64, presented the 
City a City Bond for one thousand dollars, to be held in trust for the benefit of 
the Newberry School, the semi annual interest therein to be applied, under the 
direction of the authorities having charge of the school; first, to the purchase of 
text-books and stationery for indigent children attending said school, and any 
surplus thereafter to be used for the purchase of school apparatus, such as maps, 
globes, etc., and books of reference; and should these wants of said school be 
at any time supplied from other sources, the authorities aforesaid are authorized to 
expend said interest for such purposes beneficial to said school as they may deem 
proper. 

May 19, 18G2, the Common Council authorized the erection of branch 
buildings on the Kinzie, Franklin, Washington and Foster School lots, by the 
passage of the following Order : 

" It is hereby ordered that a Branch School House be erected on the school lots 



38 



Public Schools, 



of each of the four Districts hereinafter named : viz., the Kinzie, Franklin, Wash- 
ington, and Foster Districts, to Ije paid for out of tlie School Tax Fund ; the build- 
ing of the same to be under the supervision of the Board of Public Works, and in 
accordance witli plans submitted by said Board with their report of May 19, 1862 ; 
subject to such modification as may be approved by the Boards of Education and 
Public Works ; provided the cost of each house shall not exceed $4,500." 

The City Charter adopted February 13, 1863, contained the following pro- 
vision for the establishment of a separate school for colored children: 

" It shall be the duty of the Common Council to provide one or more schools for 
the instruction of negro and mulatto children, to be kept in a separate building to be 
provided for that purpose, at which colored pupils between the ages of five and 
twenty-one years, residing in every School District in said City, shall be allowed to 
attend ; and hereafter it shall not be lawful for such pupils to attend any Public 
School in the City of Chicago at which white children are taught, after a school for 
the instruction of' negro and mulatto children has been provided." 

March 23, 1863, the Common Council passed the following order establish- 
ing a separate school for colored pupils, in accordance with the above provision 
of the City Charter: 

" Ordered, That the Board of Education be authorized and directed to hire a suit- 
able building or room in the South Divis'on, and provide requisite Teachers and con- 
veniences for a scliool for the instruction of colored children, in accordance with, 
and to be conducted in conformity to the provisions of the amended Charter of 1863, 
and that the Mayor and Comptrolier be, and they are hereby authoiized to draw their 
warrants on the Treasurer for the payment of such expenditures as may be incurred 
in connection with such school, wlieii duly certified by the Board of Education, pay- 
able out of the School Tax Fund." 

This School was opened June 15, 1863, in a rented building, located corner 
of Fourth Avenue and Taylor street, and was continued till April, 1865, when 
the school was discontinued, the provision for separate schools for colored 
children having been repealed by the City Charter of 1865. 

By an Act of the State Legislature, approved February 13, 1863, the limits 
of the City were extended so as to take in the South Chicago, Bridgeport and 
Holstein Schools ; the number of pupils enrolled in these three Schools at the 
time of their admission to the city was 397. The South Chicago School occu- 
pied a small frame building, located on Douglas Avenue, near South Park 
Avenue, which, upon the opening of the Cottage Grove School building in 1867, 
was moved to 26th street, near Wentworth Avenue, and served as a Branch of 
the Moseley School till the opening of the Ward School building in 1875, 
when the building was sold. The Bridgeport School occupied the south half of 
the front part of what is now known as the Archer Avenue School building ; 
this building was enlarged during the Fall of 1863, by the addition of two 
rooms on what is now the front of the building; and was ngain enlarged by 
the addition of the two rooms in the rear of the building, during the Summer 
of 1864. The building occupied by the Holstein School is now known as the 
Holstein branch of the Wicker Park School. 

The same Act also provided that the Board of Education shall consist of 
fifteen members, to be elected by the Common Council on or before the first 
Monday of June next ; the remaining provisions of the section relating to the 
membership of the Board being the same as in the Act of 1857. 

During the Summer of 1863, the office of Building and Supply Agent was 
established, and Mr. James Ward, who had served as a member of the Board of 
Education, since May, 1857, and was, during that time, Chairman of the Commit- 
tee on Buildings and Grounds, was appointed, and he still serves in that 
capacity. 



Historical Sketches. 39 

In June, 1864, Mr. William H. Wells tendered his resignation as Superin- 
tendent of Schools, to take effect at the close of the School Year, and Mr. Josiah 
L. Pickard, State Superintendent of Schools of Wisconsin, was elected to fill 
the vacancy, and entered upon his duties in September, 1864. 

In February, 1865, the Board of Education adopted the following reso- 
lution : 

"BesoZued, That from and after this date, no cliild sliall be received into any of 
the Public Scliools of tliis City, who is under six years of age." 

This action was taken in compliance with the action of the State Legisla- 
ture at this time, the minimum age having been, belore this time, five years. 

By an Act of the State Legislature, approved February 16, 1865, the fol- 
lowing change was made in the Board of Education : 

" Section 4. Tlie terms of tlie present members of the Board of Education shall 
expire on tlie second Monday of May, next, and tlie Board oJ Education of said City 
shall consist of sixteen School Inspectors, one to be selected fioiii each Ward of the 
City, to be elected by the Common Council on tlie second Mondas of May next, or at 
its next regular meeting thereafter, tlie. said Boaro shall hedivided by lot, iii the pres- 
ence of the Common (louiicil, into four classes ; thos^e of the tir-t class shall vacate 
their seats ;it the expiration ot the first year ; tliose of ihe second class, at the expira- 
tion of the second year ; tliose of the third class, at the expiration of the third year ; 
and those of the fourth class, at the end of the fourth year : and the Common Coun- 
cil shall aniHially, in the month of May, after the tirst Monday thereof, elect four In- 
spectors to succeed those whose terms of ofQce expire." 

The same Act also made the following provision for the appointment of the 

School Agent by the Board of Education ; the appointment to this office having 

previous to this time, up to the year 18G0, been made by the Common Council, 

and from 1860 to 1865, the City Comptroller was, ex officio, Schoul Agent. 

"Skction 9. The School Agent of said City sliall be appointed biennially by the 
Board of Education, by and witli the consent ot the Coinmon C iincil, ain. shall 
receive such annual salary as sliall from time to time be lixed by tlie Board of Educa- 
tion, subject to the approval of the Ct)mm<iii Council ; and beftie he shall en er upon 
the duties of Ills oftice,he shall execute a bond to the City of Cliiiai-o, insucli sum, and 
with such securities as the Common » ouiicil sliall ;ipiiiive. ♦ * * * 'pjig 
first appointnieiit of the School Agent under the provisions of this section, shall be 
made on the second Monday of May next, or as soon thereafter as may be." 

In compiance with the provisions of the above Section, the Board of Edu- 
cation, at the meeting of May 16th, 1865, elected Mr. Charles C. Chase, as 
School Agent, at a salary of ^300 per annum. From the year 1860 to 1865, the 
duties had been discharged by the City Comptroller; and during the greater por- 
tion of this time Mr. Chase, as the City Comptroller's chief clerk, a tended to the 
business connected with the management of the School Fund. Since 1865, up 
to the present time, Mr. Chase has discharged the duties of School Agent. 

The State Legislature during the same Session, by an Act approved Febru- 
ary loth, 1865, authorized the issue of bonds for the erection of School Buildings, 
to the amount of $100,000, as follows : 

" Section 31. Tin' Coinnion Council may. upon application of the Board of Edu- 
cation, provide by ordinance, for the issue anil sale witliin foniyearstioni liie i.rsi day 
of J.inuary, i8<i5. of not to exceed one nuiidied bonds of said City of the ileiioiniiia- 
tion of ,S 1000 each, payable, principal and interest, in ]S'ew York, and bearing interest, 
payable seini-annu.i.ly, at a rate not exceeitingseven per cent per iiiiiinm, and becoiii- 
iiig due and pa able in t weiitx years from date. Not more than tvvt iii\ ■ five of said 
bonds shall tie issued in any single year, and their proceeds sJiall be useo f(.r no oiher 
purpose than the constiu'cti n of School Houses in said City san. In i.ds shall be 
conniersigned by the President o the Board of Kdui'ation, and shall be known as 
"School I'oiislrnciion Bonds." And it sliall be the duly of the Coiiipiio.ler to pur- 
chase and reli e five of said lionds every year, so long as any of said bonds shall 
remain outstanding ; and when tlicy cannot be purchased at less than ten per cent, 
premium, he shall select five by lot, m tlie presence of the President of the Board of 



40 Public Schools. 

Education, for purchase al that price ; and the interest on all bonds so selected, shall 
thereafter cease. All necessary provisions to give effect to the foregoing conditions 
may be inserted in said bonds, and as fast as sai'l bonds shall be purchased and retired. 
theComptioller sluiU report the number of the same to the Board of Education, and 
the same shall be entered upon the regular minutes." 

The issue of 75 of these bonds was authorized by ordinance of the Common 
Council, twenty-five at each lime, at the following dates: May 29, 1865; 
March 5, 1866; January 14, 1867. 

June 14, 1866, the Common Council passed the following Ordinance, author- 
izing a loan of not exceeding $80,000, to be used for the purchase of School 
Sites, and the erection of School Buildings : 

" Section l. He it Ordained by the tommon Council of the City of Chicago: 
That the Comptroller of said City ol ChicaiiO, be, and he is hereby autlioiized and 
empowered to borrow a sum not exceeding' $80, i oo. at a rale of interest not exceed- 
ing ten percent, per annum ; and tc issue bonds or certitieates vf indebtedness there- 
for, payable within twelve months after the datt s tliereof. 

'• Sec. 2. lliat tlie money so raised shall be placed by him to the credit of the 
School Fund ; and the same is hereby appropriated exclusively for tlie purpose of 
purchasing lots for, and building scliool-houses, and fitting and furnishing the same 
within said City. 

" Sec. 3. That the proceeds of the twenty-five bonds of $1,C00 each, authorized 
to be issued under the provisions of Section 31 of the Act, approved February 15, 
186.5, mtitled 'An Act to amend an Act entitled, an Act to reduce tlie Charter of ihe 
City of Cliicago and the several Acts amendatory thereof, into one Act, and to revise 
the same.' ajiproved February 13, 1865, and so much ol the three mill tax provided in 
Sectittn 20 of said Act, in force. February ]5ih, i8fi5, for like purposes, to be levied for 
the year i866, as may be necessary, are hereby set apart and appropriated for Ihe pay- 
ment of the bonds or certificates issued aiid negotiated in pursuance with this 
Ordinance." 

Section 5, of Chapter 7, of an Act passed by the State Legislature, March 9, 

1867, makes the following provision for the issue of bonds to the amount of 

^500,000 : 

'■ Sec. 5. The Council shall have the power and is hereby authorized to provide 
by Ordinance for issuing and negotiating the bonus of the City of Chicago, payable, 
principal and interest, in Isew Yorl<, in twenty years from date, and bearing interest 
at a rate not exceeding seven per cent, per annum, payable semiannually, to an 
amount not exceeding $500,000 for the purpose of purchasing and ini|iroviiig school 
grounds, and erecting or constructing school-houses ; said bonds shall be in the ordi- 
nary form of bonds of said City, and shall be issued in denominations of $500 or ^^1,000 
each, as the Mayor and Coini)tiollei may deem for the best interest of the City ; and 
an annual tax of not exceeding one-fourth of one mill on the dolhir, on the assessed 
value of all taxable real and personal estate in said City, shall be levied ;ind collected 
as a sinking fund to pay said bonds at their maturity, and for the payment of such 
bonds as may have been previously issued for schools or school puri)osis, such sink- 
ing fund when collected shall be invested first in school bonds, and if these cannot be 
obtained, then in City bonds." 

The Act of March 10, 1869, made the following provisions for the issue of 
additional School Bonds: 

" Sec. 3. Power and authority are also hereby given and granted to said Citv, to 
borrow, from time to lime, as the Board of Education, and tlie Coninion Council of 
said City shall deem expedient, a sum of money not exceeding $700,ooo for the purpose 
of buying and leasing grounds tor school-houses, and for the erection of and furnish- 
ing of school-bouses in s lid City. 

'■ Sec. 5. The Common Council shall have power, and is hereby authorized to pro- 
vide by Ordinance for the issuing of bonds for the purchasing and leasing of grounds 
or lands for school houses, and the erection of, and furnishing of school-houses, upon 
the same terms and conditions as are now required bv law, to an amount not exceed- 
ing .|roo,0oo, as is provided in Section 3 of this Act." 

The bonds authorized by the above Acts of March 9, 1867, and of March 
10, 1869, were issued and negotiated by the City Comptroller, in compliance 



Histoi'ical Sketches. 41 

with Ordinances passed by the Common Council, upon the request of the Board 

of Education, at the following dates : 

May 3, 1867 .SiiOO.ooo 

December 9, 18C7 150,0uo 

June 8, 18G8 150.000 

$500,000 

September 7. 1869 f ioo.ooo 

May 30, 1870.... 200.000 

June 30,1870 300,000 

700,000 

Total §1,200,000 

In June, 1868, Mr. Philo Carpenter, a member of the Board of Education 
from 1855 to IStiS, donated to the Board, for the use of the Carpenter School, a 
City Bond of ^1,000, the interest on which is to be expended in the purchase of 
text books, slates and stationery for indigent children attending said school, and 
any surplus, after supplying these wants, to be used in the purchase of school 
apparatus, such as maps, globes, etc.; and books of reference for the use of the 
Teachers employed in said school. 

February, 1869, Jonathan Burr, Esq., in his last will and testament, proved 
in Probate Court, February 25, 1869, after making certain specific bequests to 
relatives and various Public Institutions, ordered and directed that all the rest 
and residue of his property and estate be converted into money and cash 
securities, and be divided into eleven equal parts, one of which parts was to be 
given to the City of Chicago, to be held in trust by said city, the annual income 
to be paid over to the Board of Education of said city, to be expended by them 
for the use and benefit of the Puijlic Schools of said city, in procuring books of 
reference, maps, charts, illustrative apparatus, and works of laste and art, at the 
discretion of said Board, and in case the city fails or neglects at any time to 
provide the necessary text-books and slates for the use of worthy indigent 
children attending said Public Schools, then the Board of Education is author- 
ized and directed, at its discretion, to use and expend the whole or any part of 
said income for supplying the necessary text-books and slates. The Principal of 
this Fund now amounts to ;gl9,671.09. 

During the Summer of 1869, the question of the employment of an Assistant 
to the Superintendent of Schools was first considered, and there being no pro- 
vision for the ofifice of Assistant Superintendent of Schools, at the meeting of 
September 28, 1869, Mr. George D. Broomell, Principal of the Haven School, 
was elected Extra Teacher with the salary of a Principal, to serve as Assistant 
to the Superintendent. Mr. Broomell tilled the position till October, 1870, when 
he resigned and was elected Teaclier in the High School, and Mr. Francis Han- 
ford, Principal of the Franklin School, was elected Assistant to the Superinten- 
dent. Mr. Hanford remained in the position till the Great Fire in October, 1871. 
During the School Year succeeding the Fire, the services of the Assistant to the 
Superintendent were dispensed with, and Mr. Hanford was assigned to duty as 
Principal of the Lincoln School. At the election of officers in July, 1872, Mr 
Hanford was again elected, this time under the title of Assistant Superintendent ot 
Schools, and filled the position till July, 1875, when he resigned and was elected 
Principal of the North Division High School. August 31, 1875, Mr. Leslie 



42 Public Schools. 

Lewis was elected to the position for the balance of the unexpired year, and at 
the annual election of officers, September 14, 1875, Mr. Duane Doty, who had 
been Superintendent of Schools of the City of Detroit for nine years, was elected 
and was succeeded in June, 1878, by Mr. Edward C. Delano, who still holds the 
position. 

In September, 1870, the first step was made towards the establishment of a 
School for the Instruction of Deaf Mutes in the city, at which time the use of a 
room in the La Salle Street Primary School building, on North Clark Street, oppo- 
site Lincoln Park, was given to Mr. D. Greenberger for the organization of a 
class for the instruction of deaf mutes in the use of the vocal organs. This class 
was afterwards removed to the new Franklin School building, and then to a room 
occupied by one of the offices of the Board of Education, where it remained 
till the Great Fire of 1871. This school was an experiment on the part of Mr. 
Greenberger, and the instruction was given without expense to the Board of 
Education, the parents of the pupils paying a tuition fee to Mr. Greenberger. 
After the Great Fire no further action was taken in the direction of Instruction of 
Deaf Mutes till January, 1875, when a class was formed in the building rented 
for the use of the Jones School, Nos. 24 and 26 East Van Buren Street, under 
the charge of Mr. P. A, Emery, at a salary of |1,000 per annum. The class 
was removed to the Jones School building upon the completion of the new build- 
ing corner of Harrison Street and Thud Avenue, and in November, 1877, an 
additional teacher was appointed. In October, 1878, the School was removed to 
the Third Avenue School building, and January 1, 1879, the school was again 
removed to the News Boy's Home where rooms were rented for its accommoda- 
tion. 

On the 29lh day of May, 1879, the State Legislature passed the following 

Act, making an appropriation for the support of a School for Deaf Mutes in the 

City of Chicago : 

" Be it enac ed by the People of the State of Illinois represented in the General 
Assembly: 

" Section l. Tluit there be and is hereby appropriated out of anv money in the 
State Treasury not otherwise aijpropriated, the sum of Fifieen '1 hoiisand i$i5,000) 
Dollars as a donation, for the beu'^fii of and lo be used in the support of the scliool 
for tlie education of Deaf and Dunih chilciren, located in Chicjigo, and now luicler the 
management and contiol of the Board of Edncaiion ot the City of v hicago : said 
mo:iey to be used in the education of deaf and dumb chiidieu m said school ; and 
said school shall, so far as its acconiniodations will permit, receive deaf and dumb 
children of scliool age from any ponton of the State. 

"Sec. 2. The Auditor of Fiiblic Accounts is hereby authorized and directed to 
draw his warrant on the State TreMStiiy for the sum of nioney lieivby ai)iir(ipiiaied.in 
favor of the Treasurer of the City of Chicago, upon the Order of the Board of Educa- 
tion of said City of Chicago, signed by the Bresident, and attes.ed bv the Secretary of 
said Board. and filed in the office of the Auditor ; and such money shall on y be drawn 
from the Treasury of said City upon orders of the said Board ()f Education, for the 
expenses incurred m the education of deaf and dumb eliildren in said School." 

This appropriation will enable the Board of Education to extend the bene- 
fits of the school, at the beginning of the next School Year. 

The Great Fire of October 8 and 9, 1871, destroyed ten school buildings 
owned by the City, one in the South Division, and nine in the North Division, 
leaving l)ut two school buildings in the North Division — the Newberry and 
Lincoln. 



Historical Sketches. 



43 



The following table shows the school buildings destroyed, and the loss sus- 
tained by the City : 



SCHOOL BUILDINGS. 



Jones 

Kinzie and Branch 

Franklin and Branch. . 

Ogden 

Pearson Street Primary 
Elm Street Primary — 
La Salle Street Prnnary 
North Branch Primary. 



South 
Nortn 
North 
North 
North 
North 
North 
.North 



LOCATION. 



Cor. Clark and Harrison stieets 

Cor. Ohio and LaSalle streets 

Cor. Division and Sedgwick streets.. 
Chestiiut bet. State and Dearborn sts 
('or. Pearson and Market streets . . . 

Cor. State and Elm streets 

Clark street, near North Avenue 

Vedder street, near Halstert 

Total value 



.*13.170 
21.390 
77,195 
39,675 
10,750 
1G,9.50 
32,650 
32,000 

.1i!249,780 



The schools were closed for two weeks after the Fire, re-opening October 23, 
and upon the re-opening, inasmuch as the number of teachers employed was 
largely in excess of the rooms to which to assign them, they were divided into 
four classes, as follows : First — Those who were burned out and were homeless; 
Second — Those who had parents or younger members of the family dependent 
upon them for support; Third — Those who had to depend upon their own earn- 
ings for a livelihood; and Fourth — -Those who had friends or relatives who 
could provide for them for the present. In assignment to duty, they were set to 
work as nearly as possible in the order named above, some remaining out for the 
entire year ; a large proportion, however, were provided for within the first six 
months. 

The City took possession of the High School building for the use of the 
Courts, and retained possession till January, 1872. 

Section 80 of the School Law, passed by the State Legislature during the 
Winter of 1872, and approved April 1, 1872, again changed the entire Board of 
Education, which was, at this time, composed of one member from each Ward, 
and numbered twenty members; and also materially enlarged tlie powers of the 
Board. 

That part of the Section which relates to cities having a population of over 
one hundred thousand inhabitants, reads as follows : 

" In cities having a population exceeding one hundred thousand Inhabitants, the 
Board of Education shall have charge and control of the Public Schools in such cities, 
and shall have power with t!ie concurrence of the City Council : 

" First— To erect or purchase buildings suitable for school houses, and keep the 
same in repair. 

" -Second— To buy or lease sites for school-houses with the necessary grounds. 

"Third— To issue bonds for the pu-jjose of budding, furnislung, and rt'pairing 
school-houses, for purchasing sites for the same, and to provide for tht; payment of 
said bonds ; to borrow money for school purposes upon the credit of the city. 

" The Board of Education shall have power— 

'•i'lr.st— To furnish schools with the necessary fixtures, furniture and appaiatus. 

" Second— 'Vu maintain, support, and establish schools, and supply the niudequacy 
of the school funds for the salaries of scliool teachers, from school taxes. 

" Third— To hire buildings or rooms for the use of the Boaid. 

" Fourth -To hire buildings or rooms for the use of schools. 

" fifth— To einplov teachers and to fix the ainouni of their salaries. 

" Sixth— To prescribe the school books to be used, and the studies in the ditlerent 
schools. 

•' Seventh—To lay off and divide the city into School Districts, nnd, from lime to 
time, to alter the same and create new ones, as circumstances may require ; and gen- 
erally to liave and possess all the rights, powers, and authority required for the p.oper 
management of schools, with power to enact sucli Ordinances as may be necessary, 
01 deemed expedient for such purpose. 



44 Public Schools. 

" Schools in such cities shall be governed as hereinafter stated, and no power 
given to the Board shall be exercised by the City Council. 

"The Board of Education shall have the entire supernitendence and control of 
thescliools, and it sliall be their duly to examine all persons offering themselves as 
candidates for teachers, and wlien found wellqualifled, to give them certificates there- 
of, gratuitiously ; to visit all tlie Public Sclioois as often as once a month ; to inquire 
into the progress of scholars, and the government of the schools ; to prescribe the 
metliod ami course of aisci|)line and instruction in the respeciive schools, and to see 
that they are maintained and pursued in the proper manner ;to prescribe whatstudies 
shall be taught, vvliat books and apparatus shall be used. 

'•Tliey sliall have power to expel any pupil who may be guiltv of gross dis- 
obedience or misconduct, and to dismiss and remove anv teaclier whenever, in their 
opinion, he or she is not qualified to teach, or whenever from any cause the interests 
of the school may, m their opinion, require such removal or disiiusslon. 

" They shall have power lo apporticm the scholars to the several schools. 

"It shall be their duty to establish such by-laws, rules and regulations for the 
government, and for the establisliment and maintenance of a proper and uniform 
.system of discipline in the several schools, as may in their opinion, be necessary. 

"They shall determine, from time to time, how manv and what class of teachers 
maybe employee' in each of the Public Schools, and employ such teachers and fix 
their com|)ensatioii. 

" It shall be the duty of the said Board to take charge of the school houses, furni- 
ture, grounds and other property belonging to the School Districts, and see that the 
same are kept in good condition, and not suffered to be unneces.sarily injured or 
deteriorated, and also to provide fuel and such other neces.sariesfor tlie schools as, in 
their opinion, may be required 111 the school houses or other property belonging to 
said Districts. 

" The said Board shall appoint a President and Secretary, the President to be ap- 
pointed from their own number ; and shall appoint such other ofticersand employes 
as such Board shall deem necessary, and shall u escribe their duties, and compensa- 
tion, and terms of office ; and the said Board shall provide well bound books, at the 
expense of the School Tax Fund, in which sh;UI be keot a faithful record of all their 
proceedings. The yeas and nays shall be taken and 'entered on the records of the 
proceedings of the Board, upon all questions involving the exvienditure of money. 
None of the powers herein conferred shall be exercised by them, except at a regular 
meeting of the Board. 

" It shall be the duty of the Board to report to the City Council from time to time, 
any sugnestions that they deem expedient or requisite, in relation to the Schools and 
the School Fund, or the management theieof, and generally to recommend the 
establishment of such Schools aiid Districts. 

"The Board of Education shall prepare and publish an Annual Report, which 
shall include the receipts and expenditures of each School, specifying the source of 
such receipis, and the object of such expenditures. They shall also communicate to 
the Citv Council, from time to time, such information within their possession as may 
be required. 

•■ They shall have power to lease school property, and to loan moneys belonging 
to the School Fund, but all conveyances of real estate shall be made to the City, in 
trust, for the use ot Schools ; ami no sale of real estate or interest therein, used for 
school purposes, or hekl in trust for schools, shall be made, except by the City Coun- 
cil, upon the written request of such Board of Education. 

"All moneys raised by taxation for school purposes, or received from the State 
Common School Fund, or from any other source, for school purposes, shall be held by 
t''eCity Treasurer as a Special Fiind lor school purposes, subject to the oiderofthe 
Board of Education, ujion warrants to be countersigned by the Mayor and City Clerk ; 
but said Board of Education shall not add to the expenditures lor school purposes 
anything over and above the amount that shall be received from the State Common 
School Fund, the rental of school lands, and the amount annually appropriated for 
such purposes. If said Board shall add to such expenditure, the City shall not in any 
case be liable therefor. 

" Fiom and after the time this Act shall take effect, the Board of Education in 
such cities shall consist of fifteen members, to be appointed by the Mayor, by and 
with the advice and consent of theCommoii Council ; five of whom shall be appointed 
for the term of one year ; live for the term of two years, and five for the term of three 
.years ; and at the expiraiion of the term of any mend)ers of said Board, their success- 
ors shall be appointetl in like manner. .Any vacancv which may occur, shall be filled 
by the appointment of the Mayor, with the' approval of the Coiiimon Council, for the 
unexpired term. Any person having resided in such city more than five years next 
preceding his appointment shall be eligible to said office. 

"Noihing herein shall be so construed as to authorize any Board of Education 
to levy or collect taxe-^, or to require the Citv Council to levy or collect any tax upon 
tlie demand or under the direction of such Board of Education." 

At the Third Session of the Forty-second Congress the following Act autho- 
rizing the exchange of the south half of Block 87, School Section Addition, 
located on the corner of Polk Street and Fifth Avenue, and extending from Filth 



Historical Sketches. 45 



Avenue to the river, which bad been held by the City for several years under a 
lease from the School Fund and had been occupied by the City Bridew^ell, for 
the old Post Office lot, on the northwest corner of Dearborn and Monroe streets, 
and the walls of the old Post Office building standing thereon, was passed and 
approved March 3, 1873: 

An Act to authorize the Secretary of tne Treasury to dispose of the Old Post Office 
property in (^liicago. 

Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of 
America, in Cungress assembled : 

" riiat the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he Is, liereby authorized to exchange 
with the Citv of Chicago, the piece of land with the remains of the old Custom House 
and Post Ottice building thereon, at the corner of Monroe and Dearborn streets, in the 
City of Clilcago, Illinois, said land fronting one hundred and ninety feet on Dearborn 
street, and ninety feet on Monroe street, or thereabouts, for the piece of laud, the 
proiierty of the Scliool Fund of the City of Chicago, at tlie corner of Polk street and 
Fifth Avenue, fronting three hundred and eigbty feet on Polk street, and one 
liundred and ninety-eight and one-half feet on Fifth Avenue, or thereabouts; the 
aitlereiK^e in value hetween such itieces of land to be ascertained l)v a commission, 
to consist of five persons, two of whom shall be appointed by the said Secretary of 
tlie Treasury, two by the niunicip;il authorities of the City of Chicago, and the four 
commissioners so selected shall choose a fifth ; and that upon the receipt of the 
report of such commission, or of a majority thereof, and its approval by the 
Secretary of the Treasury, the Government of the United States, or the City of 
Chica'to.'as the case may be, shall pay to the other in money the difference so ascer- 
tained in the value of said land: and any money which the United States maybe 
required to pav, is suh.iect to future ^.ppropriation hy Congress. 

" Provide'^, that tlie State of Illinois shall cede to the United Stales its jurisdiction 
over the prop?rty thus acquin d by the United States, together with the right to tax, 
or in any way assess said land or Ihe property of the United States that may be 
thereon, during the time that the United States shall be or remain the owner 
thereof." 

The General Assembly of the State of Illinois passed during the same year 

the following Act, which was approved April 4, 1873, entitled 

A Bill to authorize the United States to acquire certain property, etc. 

Section l. Be it enacted, etc.. that the United States of America may, pursuant 
to an Act entitled ' An Act to authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to dispose of 
the old Post Office iiropertv in Chicago,' approved Maich 3, 1873. acquire the follow- 
ing described property, situated in the Citv of Chicago, in the County of Cook, and 
State of Illinois, at the c<u-ner of Polk street and Fifth Avenue, fronting :380 feet on 
Polk street, and lOS'^ feet oi Fifth .\ venue ; being the property of the school Fund 
of the Citv of Chicago. And when the United States shall so acquire the same, the 
State of Illinois hereby cedes to the Uniied States of America, jurisdiction over the 
property thus .-icquired by the United States, togellier with the risi-ht to tax. or in any- 
wise assess said 1 ind oi- the property of the XTuited States that may be thereon 
during the time the United States shall be or so remain tlie owner thereof. 

" Skc 2. Whcreax. owing to the burning of the public buildings In Chicago, and 
the need of pul)lic buildings, an emergency exists requiring this Act to fike effect 
imme'i lately from and after its passage, therefore this Act shall take effect from and 
after its passage." 

In pursuance of the Act passed hy Congress, the Secretary of the Treasury 

appointed as Commissioners, on behalf of the United States Government, Hon. 

Thomas Drummond and Norman B. Judd ; and the Mayor appointed, on behalf 

of the City, Messrs. Thomas Hoyne and Edwin H. Sheldon ; and these four 

Commissioners appointed Hon. John G. Rogers. These Commissioners at once 

proceeded to ascertain the difference of value between the two pieces of property 

to be exchanged, and after several sessions they reported that the two pieces of 

property were of equal value, upon which the exchange was made, and the 

School Fund came into possession of the old Post Office property. 

The steps that were taken to bring about this exchange, had been with a view 
to providing accommodations for the Public Library of the City ; but owing to the 
fact that the School Fund had no money which could be expended for enclosing 



46 



Public Schools. 



and fitting up the building, and that the City was financially so situated that 
it could not do the work, the Committee on School Fund Property of the Board 
of Education deemed it advisable to lease the property for a short term of years, 
and September 29, 1874, the property was leased to Leonard Grover and J. G. 
Riall, for a term of three years, at a rental of ^7,500 per annum ; and August, 
1877, the premises were leased to John H. Haverly for three years and eleven 
months, from August 1, 1877, at an annual rental of |9,000. 

July, 1874, the Jones School building, a four story building, located corner 
of Harrison Street and Thiid Avenue, was destroyed by fire. This building 
had been erected since the Great Fire of 1871, and had been occupied but one 
year. 

In Januaiy, 1875, Mr. James Goggin was elected Attorney of the Board, and 
was succeeded in September, 1876, by Mr. William W. Perkins. Mr. Perkins 
held the office of Atorney till September, 1878, when he was succeeded by the 
present incumbent, Mr. Richard W. Ricaby. 

September 28, 1875, so much of Section 69 of the Rules of the Board, as 
provided for " reading the Scriptures without note or comment, and repeatmg 
the Lord's Prayer," at the opening morning exercises of the schools each day, 
was stricken out. 

-A. June 14, 1877, Mr. J. L. Pickard, who had filled the office of .Superintendent 

of Schools since September, 1864, presented his resignation, which was accepted 
June 29, and the vacancy was filled September 13, 1877, by the election of the 
present incuml)ent, Mr. Duane Doty; and at the same meeting Mr. Edward C. 
" Delano, who had served as Principal of the Normal School since shortly after 
its establishment, was elected Assistant Superintendent of Schools. 

In June, 1879, Jacob Rosenberg and Henrietta Rosenfeld, Trustees of a 
Fund left by the late Michael Reese, of San Francisco, Cal., to be distributed 
in various charities such as they may deem proper, donated to the Board of 
Education of the City of Chicago the sum of $2,000, to be known as the 
" Michael Reese Fund," the interest on which is to be used in the purchase 
of school books for poor children attending the Public Schools of this city. 

The following tabulated statement exhibits in a concise form, the unparal- 
leled growth of the City of Chicago, and also the growth of its Public School 
System, during the period covered by these Historical Sketches. 



Historical Sketches. 



47 



FOR YEAR 

KNDING 



Dec. 3 
Dec. 3 
Dec. 3 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Dec. 3 
Dec 3 
Dec. 3 
*Aug. 3 
Aug. 3 
Aug. 3 
July 
July 
July 

J"iy 

tJuly 

July 

Julv 
T"lv 

?j"iy 
July 

JFuly 

July 



183 

1840 

1841 

184-i 

1843 

1844 

1845 

184<i 

1847 

184'- 

1840 

1850 

1851 

185-J 

1853 

1854 

185 

1856 

1858 

1850 

1860 

1861 

1861 

1862 

186'^ 

1805 

1866 

1867 

1868 

1869 

187( 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1S77 

1878 

1879 



Total 

Population 

of the 

City. 



4,170 
4,479 



7,580 



12,088 
14.169 
16,859 
20.023 
23,047 
29,963 



59,130 

'80,000 

84,113 



109,206 



138,186 



178,492 
20l»,418 

242,'373 
252,054 
306,605 

367,396 



395,408 
407,661 

436,731 



Number 

under 21 

years 

of Age. 



2,109 
2,694 



7,603 



12,021 
17,404 
3i',*235 



52,861 



58,955 

82,996 
89,150 



109,583 
136,333 



152,470 



174,549 
184,499 

200,'473 



317 

410 

531 

808 

915 

1,051 

1.107 

1,317 

1,517 

1,794 

1,919 

2,287 

2,404 

3,086 

3,500 

6,826 

8,577 

10,786 

12,8,3 

14,199 

16.547 

16,441 

17,521 

21,188 

29,080 

24,851 

27,260 

29,954 

34,740 

38,939 

40,832 

38,035 

44.091 

47,963 

49.121 

51,128 

53,529 

56.109 

56,587 



Daily 
Member'hip 



1,224 

1,409 
1,521 
1,795 



3,688 

4,464 

5,516 

6,649 

7,582 

8,217 

8,9(52 

10,820 

12,688 

14,609 

16,392 

18,322 

22,838 

25,755 

28,174 

24,539 

28,832 

32,777 

34,983 

38,081 

39,495 

41,569 

43,741 



81 
101 
123 
139 
160 
1 

212 
240 
26,' 
319 
401 
481 
537 
572 
476 
564 
640 
700 
762 
730 
797 
851 



Total Amount Total Amount 
Paid for Paid for all 

Tuition. Current tipenses 



$ 1,889.82 
2,289.88 
2,379.38 
2,363.32 
2,277.53 



5,195.50 



6,921.17 

9,107.64 

10,829.58 

13,316.79 

15,626.73 

23,365.00 

36,079.00 

43,009.89 

49,612.43 

60,994.46 

68,607.97 

75,326.18 

88,111.56 

131,034.91 

162,383.79 

227,524.97 

278,133.06 

350,515.43 

414,655.70 

444,634.53 

378,670.55 

430,462.64 

492,893.17 

552,327.37 

588,721.41 

450,252.46 

490,462.64 

529,164.45 



% 2,676.75 
3,225.99 
3,099.97 
3,106.22 
3,413.45 
5,635.87 
4,248.76 
5,790.82 

6*637.97 

7,398 97 

10,704 04 

12,129.59 

14,254.72 

16,546.13 

29,720.00 

45,701.00 

58,686 80 

69,630.53 

81,533.75 

86,755.32 

92,378.86 

113,305.24 

176,003.73 

219,198.66 

296,672.89 

352,001.80 

446.786.50 

527,741.60 

547,461.74 

479,444.44 

524,702.09 

588,643.11 

662,093.47 

710,628.19 

551,621.17 

579,508.68 

630,711.17 



» Embraces one year and a half. 

t The falhng off in Enrolment Membership, etc.. was occasioned by the Great Fire of October 8 and 9, 1871. 

5 Extra Teachers were dispensed with during this year. 

X A general reduction of about twenty-tive per cent, in salaries was made during this y ear. 



48 Public Schools. 

HIGH SCHOOLS. 

CENTKAL HIGH SCHOOL. 

The attention of the Board of School Inspectors appears to have been direct- 
ed to the subject of providing a school for the instruction of the more advanced 
scholars shortly after the re-organization of the School System in 1840. In their 
annual report for the year 1843, speaking of the crowded condition of the schools 
Ihey say : 

" Had we tlie means, the establishment of a High School, with two good teachers, 
into wiiicli might be iilaced a hniidrecl of the best instructed scholars from tiie dilter- 
ent schODls, would remedy this increasing evil." 

In May, 1844, in a report of the Committee on Schools, Mr. Ira Miltimore, 

Chairman, to the Common Council on the subject of the erection of a permanent 

school building in the First Ward, the question of providing for the more 

advanced scholars is spoken of as follows : 

" The lower story to be divided into two rooms one for small boys and the other 
for small girls, the upper room to be so divided as to ,uive necessary recitation rooms 
for a Hii;h School, so tiiat on* Pruicipal Teacher and two or three Assistants shall 
be a I lie to conduct the several schools, and thus give us a High School in which may 
be placed the more advanced, scholars, and ni a good degree remedy a very serious 
dilliciilty that has heretofore been the general i omplaint of Teachers and Inspectors, 
namely, that our schools are too mucli crowded and that the smaller scholars must 
necessarily be neglected, or justice cannot be done to those who are more advanced." 

In December, 1846, the Inspectors, in their quarterly report to the Common 
Council, again call attention to the need of " at least one school where the ordi- 
nary academic studies may be taught." 

February 7, 1847, the Committee on Schools in their report on the quarterly 

report of the School Inspectors, after commending the general condition of the 

schools, further report : 

■• In reference to a High School they are of the opinion that there are insuperable 
objections to the establishment of such a school, independent of the inability of the 
city at the present time to build one." 

The question of a High School appears then to have been dropped till 
November, 1852, when the Board of Inspectors appointed Messrs. William H. 
Brown, J. E. McGirr, and G. W. Southworth, a committee to inquire into the 
expediency of recommending to the City Council a plan for the establishment of 
a High School for the city, who presented the following report, December 27, 
1852: 

"The Connnittee to which was referred the resolution in reference to the estab- 
lishment of a High School m connection with our l*rimary Scliools, beg leave to 
report : 

"That it is now more than twelve years since the present organization of our 
educational system was effected. From a small beginning our schools have increased 
m numljeisand efticiency, until now they are the pride and honor of our young and 
enterprising city. Our municipal authorities with wise forethought and commend- 
able lib(-rality have ever responded to the calls of those to wliom the cause of educa- 
tion was more immediately entrusted, and our citizens have freely paid the taxes 
imposed to sustain what are literally the ' Peoples Colleges.' 

1 Mj •'''** resnlis are found in the erection of six large, commodious and ornamental 
buildings, well designed, and capable each of acconimodating three or four hundred 
scholars, with a corps of six male and twenty-four female teachers, with an attend- 
ance of 2,500 pupils These schools are open to all, rich and poor, and here a common 
education may be obtained, without money and without price, as everv expense, 
except for books, is paid either from the proceeds of the School Fund or from the Fund 
raised by general taxation. 



Historical Sketches, 49 

"Tlie blessings diffused through the agency of these schools are incalculable, 
riieir fruits are not altogether immediate, posterity will reap the rich harvest. But 
those wlio nave been long interested in them, and have watched witli much solicitude 
their de-velopment have had the satisfaction of seeing many youth, educated solely 
within their walls, springing into manhood, fitted for the duties of life and taking their 
places in the industrial and |.>rofcssioiial classes with fan prospects of success. These 
are not isolated cases, there are iiuml)ers in this community wlio will ever remember 
with gratitude the founders of our Common School System'. 

"Your Committee has long been aware that the system is yet Incomplete. To our 
Common Schools should be adiled scho'ils of a higlier character, into which the more 
deserving and promising pupils should be introduced, to perfect that which has been 
so happily commenced in the primary department. 

•' For the pr.-seiit, your Committee Would recommend but one High School, to be 
located in a central part of the City, vviih all the proper appliances for educational 
purposes. The School Fund proper could not, of course be appropriated to sustain a 
School of this chararter. Increased taxation would be a necessary consequence ; but 
we are induced to believe that such taxation woula be cheerfully borne by our intelli- 
gent citizens, for it is happily true that while a small a<ldition;il tax for a general 
purpose has induced murmurs and complaints a larger amount levied for the use of 
schools, so far from exciting opposition, has been willingly paid by our taxable 
inhabitants. 

" The proposed High School should in our opinion, be divideil into two depart- 
ments, male and female, with suitable instructors of both sexes. The studies should 
be comprehensive, embracing such a range as would fit a pupil to enterany of our best 
regulated Colleges. In the female dei)artineiit, instead of Latin and Greek, ihe Ger- 
man and French languages might be substituted. If, however, this range should be 
considered too extensive, the languages might be wholly omitted, and the students 
confined to an English Course prof)er. embracing Natural Pliilosophy, Chemistry, 
Astrology, Intellectual Philosophy. Physiology, General and Natural Histor.\, Physical 
Geography, Political Economy, Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry, including 
Surveying and Engineering. 

"The members of the High School should be selected from the students in the 
Common Schools only, in such a manner as to preclude undue bias and partiality, and 
from such as have acquired a good character as scholars, of fair intellect and promis- 
ing talents, after a rigid and satisfactory examination of proficiency in reading, 
writing, arithmetic, geography and grammar. 

" The advantages to be derived from the establishment of the proposed school 
are numerous, and will be readily suggested to those who will give thought and 
examination to the subject. We can only glance at a few of them. 

" It opens the door to a general, not to say a good education for the pnor as well as 
the rich. As. by the fuudan'ieiital i)riiiciples of our government, all its citizens stand 
upon the same platform, it is politicallv unfair that any class should obtain a promi- 
nence of position, imparting political advantages which cannot be re;. died by any 
other portion of the community. That knowledge is power, is so tine that it has 
become an axiom and a proverb It is also within tlie range of our obs' rvation that 
money, too. possesses power, and thai the rich can have access to the best Academies 
and Golle res in our country, while the iioor. for the want of the requisite means, are 
excluded. Let education then, be freely imparled to all. 

" It will elevate the standard of education in our Common Schools, and introduce 
a spirit of rivaby which cannot fail to be beneficial. The character of the School 
will, in a great measure be determined by the niimberof successful candidatesfor ihe 
High School ; and hence teachers will put forth great ettorts, and will aim to impart a 
thoi-nualtness of education, no \ but partially accomplished ; while the pupils will have 
a great object in view, urging such a preparation as will secure to them the proposed 
avenue to'honorable distinction. 

'•It will be a school in which teachers may and vviU be trained to supply our 
future wants. Ir is an encouraging fact that many are turning their attention to 
teaching as a profession. Heretofore onr School Ma.sters have been selected from 
tho'^e who, for want of other business, have become pro tempore teachers, intending 
to abandon tlu; i)ursuit as soon as something more desirable or lucrative could be 
obtained. Such teachers are comparatively useless. They have but the name, while 
the subtance is wanting. We must sustain t e professional teacher only, and multi- 
ply them as rapidly :<s our population increases. 

■' If we are perinitted to refer to precedents, we may say that wherever the Com- 
mon School System has been adopted in th ^ larger cities of our country. High Schools 
have been iuvariablv a subsequence They are now in successful operation in New 
York, 15o.sti>n, Cincinnati, Providence. Lowell, and other places, and are there 
deemed < niinently essential to complete the machinei'y of education. 

"And. lastly, the great interests of onr country dem;inds every effort which 
promi.ses to s stain and peri)etuate our free institutions. We are the only people on 
earth endeavoring to carry out the great princi|)les of Dewocratic-tierivMicavwm. and 
inculcating the doctrine that a areat people are capable of self-government. We are 
inviting tlie oppressed of all nations to onr .shores and so many from the various 
portions of the old world have accepted the proffered welcome, that we are indeed a 
mi.xed multitude, justifying a new rendering of our national motto: 'One nation 

. 4 

COUoL dJpke^ \U^tU,c^ ^K^^^ f£to /L<y^-^^ 



54 



Ptihlic Schools. 



CENTRAL HKiH SCHOOL. 

The following is an Alphabetical List of the Teachers of the Central 
High School since its organization : 



\ Charles A 

\ Oct., 

Geo. EAAflams. 
Cluuies Ansorjie. 
.Teniiina F. Austin. 
BiHciford Y. Aveiill. 
W lliani T. Belfiekl. 
Grace Bil)b. 
Orlando Blackinan. 
Noitiin VV. Boomer. 
Edward M. Booth. 
Emily S. Bonion. 
Geo. D. Broomell. 
Anna Byine. 
Alliion Caie. 
Geo. V. Clarke. 
Al-xau(ler coi mard, 
Helen D. Coniplon. 
Einllie H. Cook. 
Sopliie l>. Cornienti. 
Jlelen Culver. 
Alheit H Currier. 
Geo. R. D'Aiidilly. 
Carrie A de Clei'cq. 
Marc DehifoiitMine. 
Edward C. Delano. 



PRINCIPALS. 

Dupee, 

18.56, 10 July, I860. 

ASSISTANTS. 

Gnstav Deniars. 

James li. Deivey. 

Sarah J. Ellitlioipe. 

Oscar Faiilhaber. 

N. Ella Flagg. 

Carol Gaytes. 

Susan J. 'Grace. 

Gussie E. Giant. 

Kapliael (xutliman. 

Hermann H:inslein. 

J. O. Hudnutt. 

Camilla Leach. 

Marv VV. Lewis. 

Marion L. W. McClintock 

J. G K. Mi-Elroy. 

Mai ion G. Meat yard. 

Samuel F Miller. 

Pauline Misch. 

Henry F. Muiiroe. 

Ira ^ioore. 

Marv Nohle. 

Cliailes <i. G. Paine. 

IMaria A. Parry. 

Selim H Peabody. 



George Rowland, 

Sept., i860, to date. 



Lavinia C. Perkins. 
Joseph C. PicUard. 
Edward C Porter. 
Leander H. Potter. 
Pauline M. Reed. 
Albert R Sabin. 
Jeremiali Slocum. 
Frances A. Sniallwood. 
Herman W. Snow. 
Harriet A. StoweU. 
S. Grace Thompson. 
Samuel Tliurher 
Annie E. Trimingham. 
GertriKle Van Ptten. 
A. Henry Vanzwoll. 
Sarah A. E Walton. 
MidaD. Warne. 
Caroline T Warner. 
Geo. P. Welles. 
O iver S. Westcott. 
Samuel Willaid. 
Edward M. William.s. 
CaroHne S. A. Wygant. 



The following is an Alphabetical List of the Graduates of the Central High 

School, and the years in which they graduated: 

18 8 Alexander. James G. 

1X65 Allen, Clara A. 

1874 Allen. James M. 

1862 Allen. Kate L. 

1870 Alsip. William H. 

]8.)9 Alsip. Willain J. 

1862 Alton, William, Jr. 

1872 Ambrose, Lizzie L. 



Abbott, Geo. L 
Abboll, (ieoigia B. 
Ackernian, Amelia M. 
Adams, Charles H. 
Adams, John B. 
Adams William H. 
Adsit. Isabella F. 
Akerley, Charles H. 



Babbitt, George A 1871 

Babcoek, Charles I8"i9 

Bai)cock, Lvdia 1862 

Bacon, Edward K 1873 

Baker, Marv E. 18,8 

B.ldwin. Ailie A. 1872 

Baldwin. Mattie J. 1875 

Balkam, Josie E 1871 

Ball. Mary L. I8u3 

Ballantvne, John Y. 18(.8 

Banks. 'Coi a A. 1878 

Barbour. Hattie E. 18 3 

BarcMay. Virginia S. 1875 

Barker. Et:a J. W. 18,8 

Barnard. Fannie F. 1877 

Barne.l, Id i A. l-(i9 

Baines. ary E. 1871 

B:irneit, Ferdinand L. 1874 

Barr, \lfred E. 1876 

Barrow-. Marv E. 1873 

Barrows. Ortavia J. 187:< 

Barrv. Helen S. I8i;4 

Barton. Hattie 18:6 

Basse! t, (Teorae 1875 

Bassett. Hobert J. 187(i 

BMtPS. Lindou 1876 

Baude, Marv 1*^78 

Beach. G or'ge L. 1879 

Beebe. Elizabeth B. 1875 

Beebe, Mary E. 1870 



1864 
1871 
1863 
1873 
1877 
1877 
1«79 
1873 



Bellield. William T. 1871 

Beidler, Emma 1874 

Belknap, Anna R. 1879 

Bell. t:iiarl(.tte 1868 

BelI.EltaA. 1874 

Bell, .lames E. 186J 

Benneit, Elwin B. 1876 

Benson, Ada 1878 

Benson, Olaf I860 

Best. Addle L. 1872 

Bevan, Arthur D. 1878 

Bigtlow. Junes C. 1869 

Black. Stanley P. 1878 

Blackall, Anna 1870 

Blair. Ihomas A 18(19 

Blanev, James R. 1869 

Blatchfnrd. N. H. I8i;9 

Bodnian. Marv A. 1870 

■ Bogle, Walter S. 18'.6 

Bolai d, Fannie Q. 1877 

Boone, Elvira W. 1862 

HooMi, Hervev W. I8»i8 

Bo)th, Samuel M. 1869 

Booth. William M. 1874 

Boring Ch rles O. 1865 

Boniian. Henrietta L. 1873 

Bowron, Charles W. 1870 

Bovce. Emilv 1861 

Bovden. Lillie W. 1868 

Bo'ynton, Jennie E. 1869 



American, Sadie 1878 

Andersen. Martin L. 1873 

Anderson. CorneliaB. 1871 

Anderson. Nellie W. 1875 

Ai'instrong, Eleanor I. i860 

Ayres, Matey C. 1874 



Bradley, Charles F. 1869 

Bradley, 1). Emery 1859 

Bradle\, Ella C. 1859 

Bradley, Frank A. 18!;9 

Bradley, G. Fred 1877 

Brad well, Bessie 1876 

Bray ion, Laura T. 1879 

Brewster, Josephine i860 

Briiitnall. George S. 1869 

Bronson, Mary E. 1869 

Brooks. Loreiizo C. 1876 

Broomell. Chester C. 1879 

Brown. (\ Addie 1863 

Brown, Ella W. 1878 

Brown, Esther H. 1875 

Bryant, Henry W. 1875 

Buckley, Lizzie C. 1872 

Biieehel, Caroline 1874 

Buel, Agnes M. 1866 

Burbank, Herman E. 1875 

I'.nrnam. Arthur 1861 

Burnam, Telford 1862 

Burrows, Et;a R. 1876 

Burl is, George L. 1879 

Burtis Louise M. 1875 

Burton, Sophia A. 1862 

Busly. Annie P. 1878 

Butzow. EminaM. 1878 



Historical Sketches. 



55 



Calkins, Charles R. 1866 

Canieroii, Alexander B. 1873 

Canipbfll, Klla 1876 

Campbell. Kate 1875 

Cannon, M.iiv K. 1876 

Carhine Charlotte E. 1867 

Carpenter, Ciinton B. i860 

Carpenter, Cirnelia L. 1867 

Carter, George T. 18G2 

Carter, J. Louise 1879 

Chiidwicit, Mary G 1875 

Ch;itinei-s, Cliristina H. 1867 

Chamberlain, Alice M. 1871 

Chambers, Beverly R. i8(i3 

Chandler, Louise A. 1871 

Chandler. Sarah O. 1875 

Cliapiu, Alonzo R. 1877 

Chapman, Fred A. 1861 

ChuS', Helen M. 1869 

Chatfi'-ld, Lottie A. 1864 

Chattert 111, Aujiu-tus L. 1870 

Chenoweth. Louise B. 1877 

Cliesbrou.iili, Henry F. 18,39 

Clit^sbrough, I. Sumter 1860 

Christian, Lucy 1871 

Davis, Frances H. 1864 

Davis, Hal tie L. 1864 

Davis, ViruiniaB. 1876 

Davis, Wdliam L. 1873 

DaviS'On, Mabel 1879 

Davy, Maugie F. 1875 

Day', Eugenia H. 1875 

Day, Jessie F. 1873 

Day, May 1872 

Dean, Harriette V. 1874 

Dean, Laura A. 1872 

Dean. Walter P. 1867 

DeClercq. Kitt'e 1866 

Detiolyer, Charles F. 1871 

De(Jorver, Mary 1872 

De(3rooilt. Harry W. 187s 

Dewey, Ella A. 1869 

Eddy, Clara E. 1874 

Edwards, IdiiM. 1870 

EKan,Geori;('(!. 1876 

Egan, Julia H. 1870 

Egan, Marion 1-. 1871 

Eiscndrath. Signiund L. 1876 

Elder, Aleximder 1876 

Eldred, Frank W. 1879 

Eldred, Louise 1861 

Eliel, Edwin F. 1879 

Fair. Minnie A. 1878 

Fay, Bert K. 1879 

Fennimore. Fannie E. 1869 

Fennimore. Jennie 1863 

Ferris, Loleta 1878 

Ferrv, EllaH. 1877 

Finkler, Jobn W. 1871 

Fisk, Amelia M. 1878 

Fisk. Franklin P. 1874 

Fisk, Henry E. 1879 

Fitzgerald, Sarah E. 1879 

Fitzpairiek John 1863 

Fitzpatnck. Mary A. 1868 

Flagg, Celia S. 1868 

Gage, Frank N. 1870 

Galloway James B. 1865 

Gallowiiv, Robert W. 1862 

Gard William E. 1874 

Gardner, Jessie S. 1877 

(Jardner, Mary 1879 

Garnett, F. Carrie 1868 



Church, Jennie M. 1865 

Cl.flin, William 1879 

Clark, Agnes H. 1873 

Clark, Hattie L. 1878 

Clarke, Clara W. 1863 

Clarke, Fannie E. 1875 

Clarke, Jennie 1875 

Clarke, Kittie 1877 

Clayton, Virginia B. 1870 

Cleaver, Madeleine S. 1875 

Clinton, Julia L. l8;o 

Colbert, Mvrtilla 1872 

Colby, Francelia 1867 

Cole, Lillie E. 1871 

Cole, Samuel 1863 

Collette, William A. 1860 

Collins, Annie M. 1873 

Collver. Emma 1870 

C llyer, Hattie S. 1875 

Cominons, Charles W. I87i 

Coidisk, Maggie E. 1874 

Cook, Hattie A. 1865 

Cook, Ida M. 1877 

Coombs, George 1861 

Cooper, Katie A. 1876 

Dewey, James R. Jr. 1874 

Dewey, M. Louise 1866 

De Wolf, Annas. 1865 

DeW(df. MarvF. 1868 

DeVVolf, Wallace L. 1873 

Dickinson, Albert 1859 

Di'ikiMSon. Chiirles E. 1862 

Dickinson, Fannie 1875 

Dickinson. William 1868 

Dixon, Katie 1872 

Dobson, Anna L. 1879 

Dobs '11, Marv 1879 

Dobson, Robert 1878 

Dodd. Charlotte A. 1874 

Dodge. Fre<l W. 1862 

Donahue, John 1869 

Donegal!, James A. 1874 

Eiel, LeviA. 1875 

Elifl. Minnie 1873 

Ellis Maggie A. 1864 

Elmore, Theodore J. 1865 

Elting. F{os:i A. 1875 

Emde, EmmaH 1879 

J:mmert, Cora A. 1876 

Emmert, Louisa J. M. 1876 

English. GeitriideE. 1875 

English, Jane P. 1877 

Flanders. Maggie A. 1871 

Fleming, John 1862 

Fleming, Lizzie 1\L 1873 

Fleming. Sarah J. 1859 

Fleming, William J. 1865 

Flersheim. George T. 1868 

Folev. Lottie A. 1864 

Fontavne, Ida 1876 

Fontavne, Mary F, 1879 

Forrest. Mary C. 1873 

Foss. SarahA. 1878 

Fowle-. Imogene 1875 

Fox. Alice M. 1875 

Frank. Henry J. 1871 

Garnett, Lizzie 1866 

Garnett. William 1875 

Geselbracht, Henry H. 1878 
Geselbracht, William II. 1873 

Gibbons, E'len 1875 

Gibbims, Lizzie A. 1873 

Gibbs, William B. 1866 



Corigan, Martin 
Corigan, Thomas J. 
Corned, Mary A. 
Coughlan, Timothy E. 
Coughliu, Katie C. 
Countiss. Anna 
Cowan, Isabella 
Cox, .Jennie E. 
Cox, Rensselaer W. 
Crane, Andrew F. 
Cresvvell, Joseph 
Crittenden, Helen 
Crittenton. Ida M. 
Cruikshank. Minnie 
Crumbaugli, Ella B. 
Culver. Allan jNI. 
Culver, John 
(!ulver, Morton 
Curraii, Joanna A. 
Ciirran, Maggie A. 
Currer, Rohnrt 
Cuirier, Emily C. 
Curry. Alonzo J. 
Curtiss, Nellie L. 
Gushing. Lottie W. 

Donnelly. Rose A. 
Dougall, Maggie, 
Dowling. '1 homas F. 
Downs, Augusta L. 
Downs, Clara G. 
Downs. Julia H. 
Downs, Mary R. 
Downs, Sarah A. 
Dreier. Louise, V. 
Dupnsing, William C, 
Dutfleld, Alice 
Duffleld, Louise B. 
Duffieid. Stella 
Dunn. Lizzie J. 
Dunton. Anna I. 
Duiiton, Nellie 



Errant 
Eslier, 
Eslier, 
Estey, 
Estey, 
Evans, 
Evans. 
Evans, 
Evarts 
Everts 



. Joseph W. 
Edward B. 

Sarah E. 

Flora M. 
Florence M. 

Alfred R. 

D. Llewellyn 

William W. 
, Ella L. 
, Maggie B. 



Frank, Louis 
Frank, M^x 
Fraser, William J. 
Freeman, Nettie 
Free'r. Nathan M. 
Freer, Otto 
Freibeiger. Helen 
Friend. Esther 
Friend. Mny 
Friend, Nellie 
Fuller, Willard H. 
Furiiey, Hattie S. 



Gibson . Sarali J . 
Gillespie. Jennie E. 
Gillette. Ginevra 
Gils. Minnie M. 
Glazier, Mattie 
Gougin, Katie 
Goggin, Lizzie M. 



1875 
1876 
1860 
1876 
1871 
1872 
1867 
1877 
1875 
1875 
1862 
1879 
1870 
1870 
1872 
1874 
1861 
1860 
1873 
1868 
1861 
1864 
1861 
1876 
1869 

1868 
1864 
1879 
1873 
1877 
1872 
1874 
1869 
1878 
1876 
1874 
1870 
1879 
1873 
1875 
1875 



1879 
1875 
1872 
1871 
1870 
1877 
1864 
1868 
1!^69 
1866 

1861 
1867 
1876 
1864 
1862 
1876 
1878 
1879 
1875 
1878 
1871 
1872 



1874 
1869 
1874 
1871 
1872 
1872 
1875 



52 Public Schools. 

and two in the West Division of the City, one in the Foster School building and 
the other in the Hayes School building. 

The studies of the first year of the High School Course were taken up 
in these High School Classes, after which the pupils nttended the Central Building 
This arrangement continued till 1875, when the Division High Schools, one in 
each Division of the City, with a Two Year Course, were established. Two years 
later, Latin was added to the Division High Schi ol Course as an optional study 
At the same time a change was made in the Course of Study, so that all who 
desired to take the full Four Year Course, could pursue the first two years of the 
Course at the Division High Schools, and the last two years at the Central High 
School. 

The Normal Department was organized as an Independent School in 1871, 
and so continued till 1876, when it was again made a Department of the High 
School. 

Theie were two examinations for admission each year till 1860, when the 
December examination was discontinued till the year 1877. 

The age requisite for admission previous to 1870 was 13 years, when it 
was reduced to 12 years. Until 1874, all candidates for admission were required 
to attend some one of the Public Schools of the City for two terms, one of which 
must have been the one immediately preceding. 

In 1857, Mr. Flavel Moseley contributed ^500 toward the purchase of a 
Library for the school; and in 1858, Chemical and Philosophical Apparatus to 
the value of ;^1,000 was purchased of Ritchie & Sons, with money furnished 
by parents of the pupils. Small additions to the Library and Apparatus have 
since been made. 

At the first examination for admission in 1856, there were 158 candidates, of 
whom 114 were admitted on a per cent, of 50. During the first year 397 were 
examined, of whom 176 were admitted. 

At the last examination before the Division High Schools were established 
in 1875, there were 490 candidates, of whom 481 were admitted on an average 
of 70. The following year gave 819 candidates and 777 admissions. 

The Table on the following page exhibits the Number Examined at each 
Examination since the organization of the High School, the Average Fixed for 
Admission, the Number Admitted, the Average Daily Membership, and the 
Number of Graduates. 



Historical Sketches. 



53 





Number 
Examined. 


Average 


♦Number 
Admitted. 


Average 


GKADUATKS. 


EXAMINATION. 


Fixed for 
Admission. 


Daily 
Membership. 


Higli School 
Department. 


Normal 
Department . 


July, 1856 


158 


50 


114 








October, 1856 


35 


50 


11 








December, 1856 


204 


57 


51 








Tulv, 1857 


122 


60 


46 








July, 1858 


151 


58 


76 






1 


December, 1858 


128 


61 


69 






6 


July, 1859 


206 


70 


88 


156 


19 





December, 1859 


107 


77 


34 






... 


July, 1860 


178 


61 


101 


248 


31 


11 


December, 1860 


1 


61 


1 


, 






July, 1861 


216 


56 


159 


276 


30 


8 


December, 1861 


3 


56 


2 








July, 1862 


270 


66 


150 


275 


34 


15 


December, 1862 


3 


66 


3 


299 






July, 1863 


259 


66 


163 


294 


23 


22 


July, 1864 


268 


62 


183 


286 


24 


29 


July, 1865 


288 


63 


199 


297 


27 


17 


June, 1866 


273 


70 


199 


325 


21 


22 


June, 1867 


292 


70 


235 


850 


32 


26 


June, 1868 


255 


70 


213 


421 


32 


25 


June, 1869 


282 


70 


269 


446 


54 


34 


June, 1870 


362 


70 


352 


496 


44 


18 


tJune, 1871 


465 


70 


446 


587 


53 


26 


June, 1872 


389 


70 


381 


512 


54 




June, 1873 


450 


70 


421 


575 


73 




June, 1874 


472 


70 


468 


638 


64 




December, 1874 


10 


70 


i 








June, 1875 


490 


70 


481 


710 


84 




December, 1875 


103 


70 


97 








+June, 1876 


819 


70 


777 


918 


217 




December, 1876 


203 


70 


119 








June, 1877 


875 


70 


827 


1286 


322 




December, 1877 


138 


70 


77 




14 




June, 1878 


814 


70 


778 


1332 


284 


... 


December, 1878 


148 


70 


125 




48 




June, 1879 


734 


70 


645 


1288 


336 





* The number reported as admitted to the High Schools is the total number who pass the examination, and 
are_ entitled to seats in the High Schools; many of these, however, do not apply for admission, dropping' 
their connection with the Public Schools upon the completion of the Grammar School Course, 

t The Normal D partment was seuarated from the High School in September, 1871, and was known as the 
Normal School. See Statistics from 187I to 1876 under Normal School. 

JThe Division Hisfh Schools were organized in September. 11(75 The increise in the number examined in 
the year 1876 and subsequent years is attributable to the establishment of these schools- The pupils applying 
for admission to the High Schools are all examined on the sam- questions, and the number reported in the 
above table as examined and admitted is the whole number examined, the great bulk of those admitted attend 
the Division High Schools. 



5o Public Schools. 

composed of many nations.' Througli the liberality of our naturalization laws, our 
circle of citizens is continually extendinc;, and multitudes, for the first time, every year 
exercise the elective frauoliise. Enlighten tlie masses, and there is comparative 
safety, for with un%ve.r»a\ sufrnge there must be unioersal educatirm . 
" All of which is respectfully submitted. 

" VVm. H. Brown, 1 

'•Geo. W. Southworth. VCommittee," 

"J. E. McGirk, ) 

The Total Enrollment of Pupils at this time was 2,624 ; and there were 82 
Teachers. 

This report was accepted by the Board of Inspectors, and the same Com- 
mittee was continued with instructions to present the report to the Common 
Council. 

The Committee on Schools report favorably on the establishment of a High 
School, and recommend that the Council, at the proper time, establish a High 
School in the central part of the City, stating it as their opinion that the time for 
such action is not far distant. 

In September, 1854, the Board of School Inspectors again urged upon the 
Common Council the necessity of taking action in the matter, and the Common 

Council at the meeting of December 11, 18'')4, passed the following Orders: 

" Ordered, That the Committee on Schools be directed to prepare an oidinance for 

the establishiiient of a Higli School, in connection with our Public scliool System. 
" Ordered, That said Committee recommend a site for said school, and that the 

Superintendent of Public Schools be requested to furnish an outline plan of a building 

for the accommodation of said school." 

January 23, 1855, the Common Council passed the following Ordinance 

establishing a High School : 

Be it Ordained by the Cnmmnn Council of the (My of Chicaao -. 

"That for the improvement of the system of Public Schools now existing in this 
city, and the elevation of the Grammar and Primary Schools, a High School shall be 
established, and a building for the same erected. 

"Immediately after tlie High School building shall have been completed, the 
Board of School Inspectois shall organize a school in snid building, and shall employ 
a Principal at a fixed salary not exceeding fifteen hundred dollars per annum. Male 
Assistants at a fixed salaiv not exi^eeding one thousand dolhirs per annum, and 
Femnle Assistants at a fixed salarynol exceedingsix hundred dollars perannum,may 
be employed by tbe Board of Inspectors, when in their judgment such Assistants shall 
Idg iiGCPSSfirv 

"The Board of School Inspectors shall have the same control of the High School 
that it has of the other Puhlic Schools ; and it sh;ill be the dutv of the Board to pre- 
scribe rules for the discipline and instruction of the school, what studies shall be 
pm'sued. and what books and apparatus shall be used. 

" Free instruction sluill be given to all pupils who may attend said High School 
subject to rules and regulations prescribed by the Bo:ird of School Inspectors. 

"There shall be a Department in the High School expressly for the qualification 
of young ladies to teach, which shall be styled the Normal or Teachers' Uepartinent. 
Graduates of this Department shall h;ive the prefeience, other things being equal, in 
the appointment of Teachers for the Primary and Granmiar Schools. 

" Pupils sliall not be admitted to the Academical Department of sud High School 
until they are twelve years of age. nor to the Normal Depnrtment until they are 
fifteen years of age an i shall have sustained an eximination upon those studies 
pursued in the (iramniMr Schools, to the approval of the Superintendent and the 
Frincipal of the High School. 

" No pupils shall b- admit'ed to the High Scliool after it shall have been organ- 
ized one year, unle.ss they have attended .S(mie Public Grammar School the year next 
preced ng the time of api>lication for admission. proDu/ert they have been residents 
ot the Cloy of Chicago during that year. And after the Hi'.'h School shall have been 
organized two years, pupils shall iiot be admitted to said school unless they have 
attended some Public Grammar School the two years next preceding the Unie of 
application, provided they have been residents of the Ci yof Chicago during those 
two years. 

'■ Pu!)ils applying for admi.ssion to the High School who have not been residents 
of the citv of Chicago one or nrore years, must have atlended some Public Grammar 
School in this citv. unless pieviouslv qualified. 

"Pupils shall not he admitted to the High School after the commencement of the 
Fall Term, unless qualified to enter some class already formed, and then only at such 
times as shall be designated by the Board of School Inspectors. 



Historical Sketches. 



51 



"The terms of attendance upon the High School necessary for graduation shall be 
in th-^ Teach ii's' Dep irtinent, two years; English High Df p^irtinent, three years- 
Classical Department, three years ; English High and Classical Department, four 
years." 

Fel)ruiry 19, 1855, the Common Council passed an Order directing the 
Committee on Schools to prepare plans and specifications for a building, with an 
estimate of the cost. 

March 5, 1855, the Common (-ouncil passed the following Order: 

"Okdkked.— That t e City Clerk advertise for. and receive proposals for the 
erection of a building for the Chicago High School for males and females, agreeably 
to the plans and specifications drawn by VanOsoel and Baiiman, to be of brick and 
locmed in the south half of the east half of Block 1, School Section Addition to 
Chicago, and to be coiiinleted on or before the flrsi of November next, provided that 
if said building completed shall cost more than .f23.ono. that i lie completion of iiart of 
the interior of said building may lie deferred and leserved for another coniract, and 
lay the same before ilie Common Council Ly or before the 1st of April next.'' 

It was finally determined to use the Athens Stone for the building. The 
building was commenced during the year 1855, and was completed so as to be 
ready for occupancy in the Fall of 1856. 

The school was organised October 8, 1856, under the charge of Mr. C. A. 
Dupee, as Principal, who was succeeded in 1860 by Mr. Gto, Howland. the 
present incumbent. 

Provision was made for a Classical Course of three years, an English High 
Course of three years, and a Normal Course of two years. The combined 
Classical and English High Courses could be completed in four years. 

In 1860, both ihe Classical and the English Courses were extended to four 
years, and all pupils were required to take at least one language during the Course. 

A special Classical Course of three years was provided in 1868, for those in 
preparation for College. 

The Committee on Text Books and Course of Instruction, in their report 

presented March 30, 1869, marie the following recommendation, which resulted 

in the establishment of High School Classes m the different Divisions of the City 

at the opening of the Schools in September, 18b9: 

" An extension of the Course of Study in the Grammar Schoolsso as to embrace the 
English studies of the lirst year of .lie High School t^ourse. As is well known, our 
accommodations for scholars for the Hiuh School are j^ltogether inaMeqihile. Tlie 
bniliiiiig is now crowded, and the number ot scholars to b- entitled to adinussion to 
the High School at the next examiiiaiion will be such that liiey cannot be accoiiiiiio- 
dated in ii unless the standard of admission be very iiiiich raised, winch w- do not 
think desirable. It is also well known that a very lar;;e poii.ion of the scholars enter- 
ing I he High School leave at the end of the first year. The first .\ ear's Couive of Study 
is what is valued by tlieiii. asseems from the piactical operation of tne School. For 
tliese 1 wo reasons— to provide room for scholars so far adviinced as to ue entiiled to 
em er the High School, and to give pupils who desire it. the advantage of its fir.st 
year's Coiiise of Siudy, your Comniiitee recommenu the proposed one year's addition 
to the (Jiamniar School Course. This extension of the Giamniai- School Course will 
also att'oid iiiucli more time in the High School for thorough teaching than can be liad 
at present, winch is more desirable. 

"Should the lecomniendatioiis of the Committee as regards the High School Class 
be adopted, your Comniiitee would ask for fnrilier time to consider how far that 
could be done", and in which of the several schools it would be iriaclicable. In.-tai'Ces 
would pndiably arise when, in order to form a class, two or three >cliools coi tiguous 
to one another would liave to be drawn from in order to form a class in some one 
of tliem." 

One class was formed in the North Division of the City in the Franklin School 

building; one in the South Division of the City, in the Haven School building; 



56 



Public Schools. 



Goode, AiiPie E. 1868 

Goodman, Ellen G. 1871 

Goodrich. Charles H. 1872 

Go idspeed, George S. 1875 

Goold, Isabel F. Ib76 

Granger, Henry C. 18C7 

Granger, J.izzie K. 1877 

Granger, Rodney 1875 

Haberer, Otto J. 1878 

Hagerty, Mary E. 1879 

Haines, Cluirles J. 180(5 

Haines, Walter S. 1868 

Hall, Alfarata K. 1873 

Hall, Jennie M. 1873 

Hall, Omar O. 1875 

Hallenbeck, EthaL. 1864 

Hamilton, David G. 18()2 

Hammond, Henry C. 18t>4 

Hammond, Jenni' • M. I8ti8 

Hanehete. Charles D. 1878 

Hand, Emma L. 1869 

Hanrahan, Kittle M. 1871 

Harris, Eliiali T. 1870 

Harris, Katie A. 1878 

Harris. Mamie E. 1874 

Hart, Clara 1872 

Hart, Jennie 186.' 

Hartigan, Thomas L. 1878 

Hasbrouck, E;innie E. 1874 

Hasbrouck, l^izzie 187G 

Haven, Ada 1867 

Haven, Alice 1865 

Haven, El zabeth 1863 

Hawkins, Anna C. 1873 

Hiiwkins, Etta V. 187:» 

Hawkins, Maggie T. l87o 

Hawkins, Martha S. i860 



Ingals, Lncy S. 
Ingals, Mary E. 



Gray, Alice M. 
(Jray, Charles H. 
Greeley, Louis M. 
<4reen, Albert P. 
Green, Minnie S. 
(4reen, Sara 
Greennauni, David S. 
Greenbaim, Henry E. 

Hawley, DeForest 
Hayes, Kate M. 
Hayes, P. Sanford 
Heald, Marion 
Heald, Martha E. 
Healy. Anastasia 
Heap, Arnold N. 
Heinback, Flora T. 
Henderson, LanraC 
Kendri(!kson, Ernest 
Henrotni, Fernand 
Herberi, Mary L. 
Heron, Katie "M. 
Higgins, Ambrose 
Hill, Dean W. 
Hinchlitt'e, Susan A. 
Hinchliffe, William E. 
Hintze, William H. 
Hofman, Rachel 
Hogan, Jennie M. 
Hoiilen, Helen L. 
Holligan. Mary E. 
Hollings worth. Josephine 
Holmes, Ella F. 
Holmes, Marv (x. 
Holts]andei,EllaM. 
Honore. Adrian C. 
Hood, Thomas H. 
Home, Carrie E. 



1869 Gregg, Mary E. 

1879 firegorv, Ada M. 

1876 (xriffin, Ida M. 

1875 Griffin. William V. R. 

1875 (iross, Jacob 

1873 Guilbert, Lizzie A. 

1859 Gurney, Frederick J. 
1871 

1872 Home,, L. Florence 

1873 Horton. Bradner G. 
1869 Houghton, Mary F, 
1859 Howard. Lucv M. 
1862 Howe, A. William 

1874 Howe, Eleanore W. 

1869 Howe, Eiiola J. 

1873 Hoyne, Thomas M. 
1867 Hoyt, Charles C. 

1875 Hubbard, Edward C. 

1865 Hubbard, Ellen A. 
1859 Hubiiard, Willie H, 

1874 Hudson, Henrietta 

1861 Hughes, Anna E. 

1870 Hughes, Sarah 
1879 Huguenin, Edith 

1877 Hugnnin. V^irginia 

1862 Hulm, William 

1873 Hull, Carrie 

1879 Hull.Fredrika B. 

1869 Huntington. Jay G. 

1870 Hurley, diaries S. 
1862 Hussaiuler. George H. 
1877 Hussey, Mary A. 

1872 Hutcliings. Annie F. 

1875 HutchiiiS. James C. 

1866 Hutchinson, Charles L. 

1874 Hutchinson, Eugene W. 

1871 Hutchinson, George 



1876 Irvin, AllieC. 
1876 Irwin, Ella 



1869 Isham, Emma 
1867 



Jameson, Mary J. i877 

Jenesoii, Frances S. 1874 

Jenesoii, Minnie E. 1877 

Jenks, Mary R. 1867 

Jenness, Emma J. 1870 

Johnstone. Lilhan 1869 

Johnston, Mary F. 1872 

Katlinsky. Lemuel 1874 

Katz, An.a 1870 

Kavanagh, Charles 1S78 

Keariis, Thomas A. i860 

Kehoe, Augusta D. 1869 

Ki^lly, Charles V. I860 

Kell'v, James P. 1860 

Kemner. Macgie A. 1873 

Kendall, Belle A. 1866 

Kennedy David J. 1872 

Kennedy, E len J. 1862 

Kent, William D. 1876 

Keiiyon, Charlotte 1871 

La Bonre, Augusta E. 1863 

Ladd. Helen L. 1868 

Ladd, Joseph T. 1874 

Laing, Dorabel 1874 

Laing. Harriet E. 1873 

LaLande, Mary 1877 

Lamb, Ch a'lotte A. i860 

Lane, Rella 1875 

Larned. Walter C. 1867 

Law. Ida Irene 1867 

Lawson. Victor F. 1869 

Leadbeater, Alfred L, 1861 

Leadley, Anna E. 1870 



Jones, Agnes P. 
Jones. Annie W. 
Jones, Ella 
Jones, Emily 
Jones, George N. 
Jones, M. Emma 
Jones, Maria W. 

Kerr, Annie 
Kimball, Arthurs. 
Kimball, Ella A 
Kimball. Hattie E. 
Kmiball. Marion 
Kimball. Nellie N. 
Kimball. S. Herbert 
King, Douglas 
King, Edwin B. 
King. Fannie J, 
King, Kate 
King, Marv A. 
Kingman, Belle M. 

Leadley, Emma P. 
Leadley, M;iry J. 
Leadwith, Ellen F. 
Lee, Emily 
Lee, Georgiana 
Lee, Minnie 
Lenox. John P. 
Leonard, Annie M. 
Leonard, Carrie A. 
Leonard. Flora 
Leonard, Helen A. 
Leonard, Jennie E. 
Leonard, Laura A. 



1868 
1878 
1872 
1873 
I860 
1874 
1871 

1863 
1873 
1861 
1879 
1870 
1876 
1875 
1875 
1878 
1876 
1875 
1867 
1875 

1870 
1869 
1869 
1875 
1869 
1875 
1869 
1873 
1874 
1866 
1860 
1873 
1861 



Jones, May 
Jones, William P. 
Jordan. Edward F. 
Josephi. Katie 
Joyce, WilUani H. 



Kirk, Rufus L. 
Kitchen, Frank J. 
Kitchell, Liuira F. 
Knight, Coiinne 
Koehn, Louis F. Jr. 
Kohn, Clara 
Kohout, Joseph F. 
Kreis, Gustave 
Krigger, Lillie F. 
Kroeber, I^ouisa 
Kunreuther, Souhia 
Kyle, M. Kugenia 



Lewis, J Albert 
Lewis, Fanule W. 
Lewis, Robert D. 
Liberman. Pauline 
Light, Annie A. 
Live imore, Etta W. 
Livingston, Mary E. 
Lk)vd, Emma 
Lord, Mary L 
Lundh, J. Charlotte 
Lynch, Maggie 



1879 
1874 
1877 
1877 
1875 
1873 
1874 



1867 
1870 
1876 
1869 
1867 
18 i9 
1873 
1862 
1873 
1859 
1859 
1875 
1877 
1871 
1873 
1872 
1879 
1879 
1869 
1866 
1861 
1869 
1876 
1873 
1871 
1875 
1873 
1876 
1863 

1878 



1870 
1861 
1874 
1876 
1872 



1870 

1874 
1874 
1879 
1876 
1875 
1876 
1876 
1878 
1874 
1872 
1876 



1877 
1872 
1871 
1874 
1863 
1869 
1874 
1865 
1879 
1876 
1863 



Historical Sketches. 



57 



McCalla, Albert 
McCaithv. Emily C. 
McOaithy. John T. 
McCluie, Jessie F. 
McCluie, Kate 
McCoiiiuick, Sarah E. 
McCormiclx, Cyrus H. Jr. 
McDonnell, Eiaiices W. 
McDonnell. Harriet A.M. 
McDougali, M;uv 
McDowell, William J. 
McElroy, Sarali J. 
McKvoy, Sarah 
McFarland, (iiace E. 
Mc(iee, Dora A. 
McGee, Georgianna 
McGovern, Anliza 
McLaren, Fanny C. 
Mci.ean, Mary C. 
McMahon. Mary F. 
McMillan, Mcrcianne 
McMillan, Thomas C. 
McMillan, Marilla A" 
McNiel. Annie 
McRoy, (George G. 
McKoy, Harry 
McWnUams, Mary W. 
Madden, H. Edgar 
Madden, Mary E. 

Naylor, Charles W. 
^'eely, Henry K. 
Nelson, Esther 
Nelson, Seymour G. 

Oakley, Carrie I.. 
Oak lev, Horace S. 
O'Connor, Mary L. 

Packard, Mary E. 
Paddock, Mary A. 
Page, E.Cornelius 
Palmer, Carrie A. 
Parker. Edward K. 
Parsons, Ella E. 
Parsons. Frank A. 
Patterson, Kaymond A. 
Patterson, Sarah A. 
Patterson. Sheldon P. 
Patton. Horace B. 
Patton, Normand S. 
Payne, Anna M. 
Payne, Walter D. 
Payne, William M. 

Rafferty, William C. 
Raymond. Fannie K. 
Reese, Esther A. 
Reid, Amelia S. 
Reid, Clarence L. 
Reid, Ella 
Reid, Lewis F. 
Reynolds. Jennie E. 
Reynolds, John M 

Salisbury, Alice E. 
Saltonstall. Constance 
Sanborn, Clara E. 
Sanborn, Janie S. 
Sauter. Charles J. 
Sauter, O. Edward 
Sawyer, Charles P. 
Schade, William A. 
Sell jold age r, Ben liaS. 
Schlesinger, Clara 
Scholt, Charles H. 
Schuyler, Orielle 



1864 


Madden, Nora B. 


1873 


Miller. Annie W. 


1867 


\>m 


Mahony, Jeremiah 


1861 


Miller, Brice A. 


I860 


1864 


Marchant, Addie G. 


1871 


Mil er. Flora 


1879 


1876 


Mar,sh, Eva M. 


1873 


Miller, Jennie A. 


1873 


lo73 


Marshall, Mary E. 


1878 


Miller, Lizzie A. 


1871 


1877 


Marshall, Nellie R. 


1873 


Miller, Myra 


1864 


1877 


Marston, Thomas B. 


1875 


Millerd, Laura M. 


1878 


1873 


Ma.von, Alfred B. 


1867 


Mills, Luther Laflin 


1865 


1^64 


Mason Heniy B. 


I8(i5 


Milner. Louise 


1861 


186.5 


Mason, Mary R. E. 


1876 


Miner, Adelaide 


1873 


1872 


Matthews, Fanny C 


1862 


Miner, Carrie 


1873 


I8T4 


Matz, Hermann \j. 


1876 


Mixer, JMary A. 


1879 


1871 


Matz, Kudolpli 


1878 


Mon gomery, Blanche E 


. 1875 


1875 


Maxtield, Florence M. 


1879 


Moore, Dora M. 


1873 


1868 


Mayer, Benjamin S. 


1871 


Moore, Emily 


1875 


1872 


Mayer, Levy, H. 


1874 


Moore, John 


1859 


1870 


Mayhew, M. Etta 


1879 


Moore. M. 


I860 


1862 


jVleacham, Edna A 


1863 


Morris. Rose W. 


1873 


1870 


Mead. Hal tie E. 


1>78 


Moise, Mary C. 


1874 


1875 


Melick, Fannie M. 


1867 


Morton, Florence M. P.. 


1867 


1869 


Melick, Frances M. 


1862 


Moss, William L. 


1879 


1871 


Melvin, Lizzie F. 


1872 


MouUon. Charles F. 


1865 


1871 


Mendsen, Ellen C. 


1862 


Moultoii. Gioige M. 


1868 


1876 


Meiidsen. George H. 


i860 


Mullen, John T. 


1866 


1871 


Merrill, Georgiana W. 


1877 


TNIunger. Ella C. 


1877 


1874 


Merriman, Emily S. 


1870 


Munn, William 


1860 


1873 


Merritt, George 


1875 


Murphv. Elizabeth M. 


1879 


1875 


Mever, Jacob 


1861 


Myers.'Sadie E. 


1879 


1876 


Miller, Ada C. 


1861 






1876 


Newton, Walter 


1863 


Nichols. Waldemar 


1875 


1876 


Newell, Agnes M. 


1878 


Noble, Marion E. 


1878 


1875 


ISichols, Erastus A. 


1860 


Nourse, Mary E. 


1868 


1876 


Nichols, George R. 


1869 






1877 


Olcott. Fannie M. 


1870 


Osgood, Anna A. 


1865 


1879 


Osborn, F.-innie E. 


1864 


Owens, Joseph 


1870 


1873 


Osborne, Lily A. 


1876 






1866 


Peacock, Robert 


18.59 


Piatt, Mary J. 


1876 


1870 


Pearce, Myron 


1875 


Porter, Aliie M. 


1866 


1860 


Peck, Clarence I. 


I860 


Porter, Hattie 


1876 


1877 


Peck, Ferdinand W. 


1865 


Poweis. Caroline E. 


1861 


1865 


Peck,Ethelbert W. 


1876 


Powers. Edward F. 


1875 


1863 


Peck Hewson L. 


1878 


Pratt. Fannie A. 


1871 


1863 


Pepper, INlary E. 


1874 


Pratt. PhebeB. 


1877 


1874 


Perkins, Clara H. 


i860 


Piendergast, Margaret E.1864 


1870 


Perkins Nellie M. 


1877 


Price, Edward F. 


1859 


1877 


Phillips, AnnaM. 


1874 


I'ronty, Fannie M. 


1863 


1877 


Pickering, Lizzie W. 


1862 


Pulleii, xVmaiida E. 


1869 


1869 


Piper, (Charles E. 


1876 


Pullen. Mary 


1873 


1874 


Pitney, Lucy R. 


1867 


Purer. Mary I. 


1877 


1872 


Piatt, Amelia M. 


1868 


Putnam. Albert C. 


1876 


1874 


Piatt, Ida 


1879 


Pyott. Jemima 


1875 


1875 


Reynolds, Joseph S. 


1861 


Root, Charles T. 


1868 


1872 


Ricliberg, Amelia M. 


1868 


Root, Florence 


1877 


1867 


Rich man, Lncetta 


1875 


Rosenfeld, Carrie 


1864 


1871 


Robinson, Annie N. 


1873 


Rosenthal, Minnie 


1871 


1873 


Robinson. Florence 


1874 


Ross. Howard 


1877 


1877 


Robinson, Maria Maude 


1876 


Rubel. Ira W. 


1877 


1871 


Robinson, Mary E. 


1876 


Kuthenberg. Blanea L. 


1879 


1873 


Rogers. Wilhimina G. 


ls73 


Rutherford. John 


1860 


1875 


Rollo, Jennie S. 


1873 


Ryder, Wilhelniina R. 


1867 


1865 


Schuyler, Winfrid 


1876 


Sharp, Frances A. 


1865 


1863 


Schwab, Miriam 


18L19 


Shaw, Julia H. 


1872 


1867 


Scofield. Imogene 


1873 


Sliaw, Ma' tie E. 


1877 


1873 


Scott, William R. 


1876 


Sheldon, Ida M. 


1876 


1862 


Scoville, Belle 


1879 


Slieppard, Semantha 


1862 


1878 


Scran ton. Ada E. 


1870 


Scheppers, Mary Q. 


1865 


1878 


Sciidder, William M. 


1861 


Sherwood, S. Pauline 


1876 


1866 


Scudham. John R. 


18.59 


Shillestad. Jolin 


1878 


1879 


Seavey, Harry D. 


1878 


Shipman, Frances C. 


1872 


1878 


Seville, Lizzie 


1870 


Shoemaker. EmmaT. 


1870 


1877 


Sexton, Austin O. 


1872 


Shoemaker, Lizzie I. 


1874 


1876 


Sexton, Joseph W. 


1874 


Shorey, Paul 


1874 



62 



Public Schools. 



Maauire. Jennie 1879 

Mahla, Minnie 1876 

Maloiiev, Annie M. 1879 

M rtin, Clara T. 1876 

Maiiran. Cliarles S. 1877 

Maver. GracH A.. 1877 

McAllisier, Fiinnie 1877 

McCamnion, Anna 1878 

McChesnev, Thomas 1878 



McGonville, Rose F. C. 
Medea, Eva A. 
McDonald, Harry 
M'-Orath. Katie 
Mc(irew.Maiy 
Mclnerney. James H. 
Mclnlosh.'lfla 
McLain, William K. 
McRoy. Annie 



1878 Meany, Emma 1878 
1877 Merckle, Friiia 1879 

1877 Meyers, Willis G. 1878 

1876 Monroe, Lnlu 1879 

1879 Morrison. Abbie W. 1878 

1878 Moses. AbbyT. 1877 

1877 Mnnger. Jnlial. 1877 

1878 Mnnster. Elizabeth 1878 
1876 Murpliy, Catherine 1876 



Nash, Mollie 
Neal. Chailes A. 
Nelson, Annie M. 



1877 Nichols, Adelia 

1878 Niolu.ls. Amelia F. 
1878 Nutt, Henry C. 



1878 Nye, Nellie 

1877 

1879 



1876 



O'Brien, Stella J. 
O'Connor, Mary E. 



1876 O'Neil, Lizzie 
1878 O'Neil, Maggie 



1876 

1877 



Oglesbee, Rollo B 



187T 



Pearce, Frances M. 
Peidne. Hannah 
Pick. Paula 
Pierce, Cora B. 
Pierce, Henry N. 



1877 
1876 
1879 
1878 
1878 



Pike, Fr ink J. 
Pollak, Flora 
Polley. Frank 
Poole, Mary 
Porter, George P. 



1878 
1879 
1879 
1876 
1878 



Powers. Maggie A. 
Price. Minnie 
Price, ^ophia 
Purdy. Nellie E. 



1876 
1876 
1879 
1877 



Quiue, Kate A. 



1877 



Rapp, Katie 
Reifl. Anna L. 
Reid. Jeni.ie F. 
Reiil, l,izzle W. 
RicluEvart 
Rich, Louis 
Richardson, Maggie 



1877 Richman.MavE. 1876 

1878 Ri<'hardson. Parthenia 1879 
1878 Riordan. vnnieM. 1876 

1877 Riordan, Stella T. 1877 
1«77 Kobe. Eva'me A. 1877 

1878 Roberts, Hannah 1876 
1877 Roberts, Jennie 18:7 



Roberts, Jessie 
Rodatz. Alines 
Root. May O. 
Rosenberg, Mattie 
Rosfnfehl, Jpnnie 
Roths hild. Belle 
Rova, Katy 



1877 
1878 
1877 
1879 
1876 
1878 
1878 



Sargeant, Charles H. 
Sawtelle, Ida M. 
Sclioenberuer. Charles 
Schles nger Fannie 
Sexton, Katie M. 
Shanahiii. David 
Slierwin. Helen E. 
Shorey. Mattie 
Slocnm. Alice M. 
Slocnm. Kate R. 
Smallz, Matilda 

Tait. CaiT e B. 
Tappan. Charolle B. 
Taylor. Estplle 
Tliaxer. Cornelia 
Thayer, (irace 
Thomas, Helen 

Ullman, Helen 

Viyian, George 

Walbridge. Walter P. 
WalKt-r. Alive 
Walker, Carrie 
W. Iker. Demma 
Walker, Emma 
Walker. Gertrude D. 
Walker. L lian 
Wallach. John F. 
VVall.ice, Agnes 
W^are, J. Herbert 
Walsh, Kalie A. 
Weed, Ki.ueT. 

Ziegler, Solomon 



1879 Smart. Helen I. 

1878 Smith, Amelia 

1876 Sniiih, Ceorte 
1»'79 Smith, Gertrude I. 

1879 Smith. Herbert S. 
1879 Snow. Lottie I . 

1877 Snndheimer, Matilda 
1879 Sondheimer. Maxweii 

1878 Spaids. Susie E. 
1«79 Sprague, Nellie 

1877 Squires, Clara M. 

1878 Thomas, Lida 

1877 Thin-ne, Leona L. 

1879 Tiernv. Julia E. 

1878 Tisdail. Loring M 

1878 Titcomb. Ali<'e 
1877 Tracy, Alice F. 

1879 Undauf, Effle 



1879 

1878 
1879 
1878 
1878 
18:8 
1879 
lH7;i 
1877 
1879 
1878 
1878 
1877 

1877 



Weinschenk. Minnie 
Wendell, Cclia 
Wlialen, Annie M. 
Whedon. Lulu M. 
Wliitelv. Emma 
Whi pie. Herbert 
Whitt\ , Marv R. 
Wiley. Sarah E. 
Willard. Hattie 
Wllldon. Henrietta 
Williams. MinetleE. 
Williams, Waldo A. 



Stanley. Hattie C. 
Stevens, Mary H. 
Stillwell.EHen A. 
Stone. Ella E. 
strader, Katy 
Strader, Jacob E. 
Strader. Parrie 
Summers, Martha E. 
Swartley, Ellen 



1879 
1876 

1878 
1877 
1877 
1876 
1878 
1877 
1879 
1879 
1877 



1879 Trego, Fannie C. 

1876 Treslon Katie 

1879 Tucker, Geoige T. 

1879 Tucker, Mary L. 

1879 Turner, Nellie 
1877 

1879 



1879 
1878 
1876 
1876 
1877 
1879 
1876 
1878 
1876 
1878 
1878 
1878 



Wilson, Carrie 
Wilson, Emma A. 
Wilson. Hatiie 
Windett, Mary K. 
Wisliard. Florence 
WMikowski, Tenie 
W<^od, Clifford B. 
Wolf, James N. 
Wolf, Marguerite M. 
Woiland, Jennie 



1877 
1876 
1879 
1876 
1879 
1876 
1879 
1879 
1878 



1877 
1879 
1878 
1878 
1879 



1878 
1878 
1878 
1877 
1878 
1877 
1877 
1879 
1879 
1879 



Historical Sketches. 



63 



WEST DIVISION HIGH SCHOOL. 

The West Division High School was opened for the reception of pupils September, 
1875, in charge of Mr. Ira S. Baker, the present Principal. The school is now locnted 
in the Skinner School building, at the corner of Aberdeen and Jackson Streets It is 
expected that the building in process of erection for the accommodation of this High 
School, at the corner of Monroe and Morgan Streets, will be ready for occupancy about 
May 1st, 1880. It is hoped that the superior advantages afforded by a new, beautiful 
and well arranged building will materially inciease the prosperity of the school. 

The following are the names of the present and the former teachers of the School. 

PKINCIPAIi, 

Ira S. Baker. 



Joseph V. Hergen, Jr. 
William T. Belliekl. 
Cairie A. de Clercq. 
J. Hamilton Farrar. 
Franklin P. Fisk. 
Emma A. Gosau. 



ASSISTANTS. 

Susan J. Grace. 
Fanny Han nan. 
Mathilde Hessler. 
David F. Hiel\s. 
Gertrude V. Lord. 



John K. Merrill. 
Henry F. Munroe. 
James Sullivan. 
Caroline T Warner. 
Oliver S. Westcott. 



The following is an alphabetical list of the Graduates of the West Division 
High School, with the dales of their graduation : 



Adams, Mary T. 
Alexander, Lena 
Allen, Jennie 
Allen, Nellie 

Bailey. Minnie P. 
Barrel!, Addie Stevens 
Bate-i, Lizzie 
Beaiinioiit. Hattie A. 
Beok, Lizzie F. 
Bell, Addie 
Bell ElidaMay 
Bell wood, Lottie 
Bengley, Aurelia 
Benson, Bertha 
Benson. Nellie 
Besley, Bella 

(!ameron. Maj^}>ie 
Canipl.ell, Janie C. 
Campbell, Mary B. 
Carey, Susie A. 
Carliii, Bridget 
C:iri)eiitei, Josie E. 
Cassin, John William 
CaVMiiah, Katie M. 
Clialifoux, Edward 
Christie, Emma E. 
Clapp, Alice A. 
Clark, Carrie Louise 

Daley, Alamie E. 
Daniels, H. S. 
Darity, Grace L. 
Davis Mary A. 
Davy, L-iwrence J. 
Davy, Nellie ^L 
Denis^, Blanche A. 
Denninger, Caroline 

Kastman, Louisa T. 
Eaton, Edith O. 
Eisendrath, Samson D. 



1878 Alt, Paulina 

1879 Anderson, Carre I. 
1879 Andres, Alice E. 

1878 

1878 Besley, Irving 

1879 Bews. Mary L. 
1877 Bliss, Amelias. 
1879 Boughan. John P. 

1876 Bovd, J. M. 

1879 Boynton, Nellie W. 

1877 Bradish, Anna 
1879 Bradley, Gertrude 
1876 Brady. M. Arabella 

1876 Bragg, Helen M. 
1879 Brant, Nettie C 
1878 

1878 Clark, Lottie C. 

1877 Ciark, Maggie F. 

1877 Cockfield, Jennie 

1876 ('oll)V, Frances T. 

1879 Collins, Alice M. 

1878 Commons, James P. 

1877 Connor, Eliza 

1877 Cook, Alice 

1878 Corby, M. Frances 
1877 Corbv. Stella 

1879 Costello, Ellen F. 
1879 

1879 Dillon, Lizzie M. 

1879 Dodge. Mary S, 

1877 Donoghue, ISbiggie 
1876 Donoghue, Minnie A. 
1876 Donovan. John A. 

1878 Dodlev, Marv M. 

1879 Dorr, HattieR. 

1876 Doty, Bel C. 

1877 Eiszner. August W. 
1879 English, Fannie J. 
1879 



1879 Andrews, TMay 1877 

1879 Ashttm. Marv A. 1878 

1879 Ashworth, Nellie F. 1876 



1877 Brennier, Mollie A. 1878 
1879 Brooks. Bryant B. 1878 
1879 Brooks, Eliza 1878 

1876 Brown, Cora 1877 

1878 Brown, Mary E. 1877 

1877 Brown. Maria 1879 

1879 Buckley, William 1878 
1879 Burdick, Mary Amelia 1877 

1878 Burns, Annie M. 1876 
1877 Burns. Marv 1876 
1877 Butts, Ida M. 1878 



1878 Coulson, Sarah C. 1878 

1877 Councer. Marv 1877 

1878 Coyle, Nellie M. 1879 

1876 Crane, Elsie M. 1877 

1878 Crane, Olivia A. 1876 

1879 Cravens, Adaline 1878 
1878 Cravens, H. len A. 1878 

1878 Croak, Maggie E. 1879 

1879 Cronkhiie, Hattie J. 1879 

1877 Cureton. Marv 1S78 
1877 Cusack, Marcella 1879 



is7s Doty. Lizzie A. 1878 

1876 Dou'bek, Minnie B. 1878 

1879 Dowe, Annie 1876 

1876 Drake, Alice 1879 

1879 Drake, Cora 1877 

1876 Dunn.M ryF. 1876 

1878 Dunning, Estelle 1878 
1878 

1879 Eustis, Selena A. 1876 
1879 Everett, Etta F. 1879 



bo 



Public Schools. 



Louise M. Jaeger 
Amelia Jaitipolis 

Keane/Mary 

Ida L. Lamb 
John Lana;an 
Carrie L Lawsoii 
M. Jennie Lewis 

Amiie T. MeGeary 
Patrick H. McGiiIre 
M. Nellie McKain 
Maggie McKeon 
Margaret A. Maliony 
Melida Marciise 

Marion H. Newell 

Katie E. Oakey 
Daniel O'Connor 

Carrie F. Page 
Martha E . Page 
Lillie E. Parantau 

Mary A. Raggio 
Maggie Regan 
Mary A. Reynolds 

Nellie E. Scanlan 
Pauline Schoen 
William T. Schumann 
Margaret M. Shanley 
Ida A. Shaver 
William D. Sheahan 

George F. Taniter 
Ella T. Taylor 

MayM. Vaughan 

Charles E. Walker 
Jessie L. Wallace 
E. Kittle Wallace 

Emilie M. Young 



1879 Eugenia F. Johnson 
isrr Sarah B. Johnson 



1878 

1879 

1878 
1876 
1876 

1878 
1879 

1878 
1877 
1878 
1878 



Nellie G. Loomis 
Miry Loughney 
William H. Lyman 
Fannie E. Lynch 

Evelvn Matz 
Charl )tte A. Maxwell 
Maria T. Meagher 
Kate T.Miller 
Nellie T. Moroney 
Emma Mossenbaker 



1878 Lizzie A. Nicholson 

1879 Ellen O'Connor 

1876 Kate O'Malley 

1877 Lizzie C. Patten 

1877 Lilian Phelps 
1879 Kate E. Philbin 

1878 LaviniaE. Ritter 
1877 Elizabeth Robinson 
1877 Ada C. Rood 

1879 Julia M. Sheridan 

1877 Ada Shipman 

1879 Marguerite A. Shirra 

1879 Jeannie M. Shufeldt 

1879 Joseph Skleba 

1879 Emma H. Smith 

1878 Mary E. Troyer 

1878 

1879 Bertha Voigt 

1879 Maggie J. Walsh 

1877 Mollie J. Walsh 

1877 W. Alban Week 



1877 Ella A.Jones 1876 

1878 Belle F.Joy 1879 



1877 Annie M.Lvnde 1878 

1878 Mary A. A. Lynn 1879 
1879 

1878 

1879 Lizzie Mnllin 1877 

1876 Emily C Mullikin 1878 
1879 Joseph H. Murphy 1877 
1878 Lizzie M. Murphy 1877 
1878 Ella Murphy 1878 
1877 

1878 

1878 Mary O'Malley 1878 
1878 

1879 Laura E. Porter 1878 
l>-78 MaryM. Prvor 1879 

1877 Charles A. H. Puscheck 1877 

1878 Julia Rosenthal 1877 
1877 Bertha Rudolph 1876 

1877 

1877 Annie T. Spieler 1878 

1877 G. Truefant Spilman 1878 

1879 Carrie Iconise Sprague 18T9 
1877 Emily M. Slallwood 1877 

1877 Stella J. Stewart 1877 

1878 Mary E. Sullivan 1879 

1877 Minnie P. Tyler 1876 



1876 Belle Winton 1878 

1876 Robert F, WoelfCer 1879 

1879 



SOUTH DIVISION HIGH SCHOOL. 

This School was organized in September, 1875, under ihe Principalsliip of Jeremiah 
Slocum, assisted by a corps of four Teachers, two of whom still remain in the positions 
to which they were then assigned. 

There were enrolled during tlie first year 2Q4. different pupils. The enrollment for 
1878-79 was 323, making an increase of 119. The following teachers have Ijeen con- 
nected with the School : 

PRINCIPAL. 
Jeremiah Slocum. 



Wm. T. Belfield. 
James Sullivan. 
Henry F Munroe. 
Wni. M. Payne. 



ASSISTANTS. 

Emilie H. Cook. 
Eliza R. Sunderland. 
Harriet A. Stowell. 
Alfred Kirk. 



Maria J. Whipple. 
Eva C. Durbin. 
Sophia L. Cornienti. 



Historical Sketches. 



6i 



The following is an alphabetical list of the Graduates of the South Division 
High School, with the dates of their graduation: 



Adler. Celia 
Aitcliison, Robert 



Balicock, Fred H. 


1877 


Bailey. Samuel G. 


1879 


Bartkv, Jolianna 


1878 


Barton, Olive 


1879 


Bnssitt. Blanche 


1878 


Bell. Mary S. 


1877 


Bennett. Maude H. 


1879 


Calkins, William L. 


1878 


Cannev. Alice B. 


1876 


Ca nell, Evart K. 


1877 


Chaffee, Rosa A. 


1879 


Ciuuiin. Carrie 


1876 


Chapman, Louie B. 


1879 


Cliapin, Edward 


1878 


Chase. Clara L. 


1878 


Christian, Cora E. 


1878 


Church, Addle A. 


1877 



Daly. Katy A. 
Danforth. Kittie 
Day, Frank R. 

Eaton, Ella 
Edwards, Anna H. 

Fitch, Hattie P. 
Fletcher, Hattie 
Flynn. Sarah A. 
Fontayne, Bertha 



1879 Albee, Lou A. 

1878 Alexander, Calvin 

l^enner, Minnie 
Bevan, May I). 
Birniinsliain, Mary F. 
Bogfis. Theresa 
Bonfield. Minnie 
Bowland. Ida 

1879 Boyer, Lillie K. 

Cliurch,DoraE. 
f'Ian>-y, Frank 
Clancv, Maggie A. 
Clark; Carrie 
Clifford. Angie J. 
Cone, Ida M. 
Cook, Amelia 
Cook, Annie 
Coop r, Sarah E. 
Corigan, Lizzie A. 

1877 DeGrafl, Joseohine H. 

1878 Douglass, Helen 

1877 Doyle, Alfred 

1876 Ellison, Jennie 

1878 Ely, Hattie E. 

1877 Forsyth, Clark D. 

1878 Freiberger, Harriet 

1878 Friedman, Emma 

1879 Fuller, Harry B. 



1879 Andrews. Homer 
1879 Axtell, MaryR. 



1879 
1H78 
1877 
1878 
1878 
187-; 



1879 
1878 
1878 
1879 
1877 
1879 
1877 
1879 
1879 
1877 

1877 
1878 
1870 



Bragg, Carrie 
Braum, Louisa 
Brenan, Kittie 
B rouse, Mattie 
Biow'!. Bridget 
Brust, Louisa 



1878 Burdick, Cora 



Cowan, Minnie R. 
Cow 'D, Susie 
(iragin, George A. 
Cross, Grace 
Cross, !-usie 
Crottv, Mary 
Crouch, Albert W. 
Crowe, Julia A. 
Crowe, Marv A. 
Cut'.ibert, William 

Diake, Lulu M. 



1879 Erwin, Emma A. 
1879 

1879 Fuller, Hattie M. 

1877 Furlong. Hattie 

1878 Fuchs, Delia M. 

1876 



Gairns. Jeannette J. 
Gale. Grace 
Gammon, Nellie 
Garnett, Eugene 
Gill, Rosa M. 



1877 Gillett, Charles H. 1877 

1879 (iilmore, Hattie C. 1870 

1879 (41eiin, Annie J. 1876 

1877 Goldlieig, Julia 1878 

1879 Goldman, Jennie 1878 



Goodman, Evaline 
Goodridge. Lottie 
Gunning, Marcelia 



Hadlev, Carrie E. 


1877 


Havward. Emily (i. 


1878 


Hickey, Maggie M. 


1877 


Hall, Benlamin E. 


1879 


Hayward. Temple A. 


1879 


Holland, Alice C. 


1878 


Hall, William T. 


1878 


Hazard. Florence 


1878 


Hoft'man, Andrew 


1878 


Hamen, Lettie A. 


1^77 


Healy. Kittie J. 


1879 


Hoffman. Helen B. 


1878 


Hancock, George W. 


1^76 


Hefter, Caesar 


1878 


Hood. AdaL. 


1878 


Harnett, Nellie E. 


1878 


Hefler, Celia 


1879 


Hoi)kins. George F. 


1879 


Hasbrouck, Sadie 


1877 


Hefter, (iharles 


1878 


Howard. Carrie L. 


1877 


Havens, Nettie H. 


1876 


Hennessv, Ella 


1877 


Howland, Lillie E. 


1876 


Hawkins. Fannie 


1879 


Herzog, Emma 


1877 


Hunt, George 


1879 


Hayrien, Charles E. 


1878 


Hess. Louise T. 


1878 


Hutchinson, Estelle 


1879 


Hayden, Sarah 


1878 


Hess, William H, 


1876 






Hayward, AUie E. 


1878 


Hickey, Lizzie C. 


1877 






Irwin, Charles D. 


1878 










Jackson, Edward 


1877 


Jones, Albert F. 


1877 


Jones, Frank 


1879 


Jaiues, Margaretta G. 


1878 










Kaub, George 


1877 


Kerrigan, Katy 


1877 


Kolin, Harry 


1879 


Kavanagli, Mary 


1879 


Kessler. George B. 


1879 


Kuhn.Tessie 


1878 


Kellogg E. Louise 


1878 


King, Kitlie 


1877 






Kerne, Josie 


1876 


King, Mary E, 


1879 






larned, Mary 


1877 


Lincoln, Jennie 


1878 


Lowenstein, Rose 


1878 


Lawrence. William L. 


1878 


Lipman, Clara 


1879 


Lydon. William 


1879 


Lawson. Florence 


1879 


Lipnian, Hannah 


1878 


Lvons, Maggie 


1879 


Lawson, Jeannette 


1878 


Lombard. Katy 


1877 


Lyons, Sarah M. 


1778 


Leland. Edward F. 


1878 


Lowenstein, Helen 


1878 






Lennon, Bridget T. 


1876 


Lowenthal, Julia B. 


1878 







58 



Public Schools. 



Shourds, Lazell 1). 
SiDley. .Folin B. 
Siebeit, Ichi M. 
Silvernuin, Hannah 
Simons, A. Belle 
Simons, James J. 
Simpson. Margaret S. 
Sinclair. (Jliarles E. 
Sinclair. Minnie (i. 
Sisson. Jennie W. 
Skaais. Laura N. E. 
Slieer. Clara C. 
Skeer, Kate N. 
SUinner, Jolni B. 
Slee, Jessie J.. 
Small Mary 
Smeetli. Helen 
Smeetli, Julia E. 
Smith, Fannie K. 
Smith, Helen F. 
Smitli, Isabella M. 

Tayler, William A. 
Teare, Esilier H. 
Teare, Louise 
Temple. Isabella F. 
Templeton, Hannah 
Terry, H. Imogen 
Tliaclier, Clira E. 
Thatcher, (ieorce L. 
Tliomas, Editb J. 
Thompson. Belle O. 
Thompson, Florence J. 
Thompson, Julia 

Unna, Flora 

Vance. Frances M. 
Vanzwoll. A Henry 
Vaughan, Addie M. 

Wait, Emma B. 
Wait. Marshall 
Waldo, John B. 
Walker, Edwin 
WalKer, William B. 
Walsh. Katie M. 
Ward. Mamie A. 
W 'rue. Mida 1). 
Warringt.iM. William H. 1864 

Webster, Eva is 5 

Weed. Paul 1S79 

Wehrii, MenaC IHTO 

Wells. Annie L. 1875 

Wells, Ebenezer H. 1876 

Wells, Frances B. 18:7 

Wells, Frederick L. 1879 

Wells, Jennie i860 

Wells. Lizzie S. 1865 

Wells. LydiaN. i«7l 
Wentworth. Sarah G. 187-1 
Werneberg. Marie Theresel878 

Wert, F inuie E. 1873 

Wert Julia, 1869 

Wert. Minnie E. 1876 

Wheeler. Belle J. 1877 

Wheeler, Cora E. 1875 

Wheeler, Mary W. 1875 

Wheeler, Nellie M. i876 



1874 Smith, J. Dunlop 

1879 Smith, Mary H. 

1876 Smit I, Nora B. 

1863 Smiih, Samuel H. 

1873 Snowliook. Patrick W. 
1876 Southard. Ida C. 
1863 Spencer, Mary L. 

1860 Spilinan Mary R. 

1874 Spooiier. M. Lucie 

1872 Spratt, Jennie 
1867 Stall 1. Lucy F. 

1873 Stambaugli, Calvin J. 
1873 Stnrni)ofski Carroll H. 

1878 Stanley, Mattie W. 
1^63 Stapleton. Fannie 
1^70 Stairing, Mason B. 
l8;8 Stearns, Nellie M. 
1*^71 Steele, Julius 

1876 Steele. William K. 
1871 Sterling. Louise C. 

1865 Stevens, Fnnk K. 

1873 Throop, George 

1869 Throop, Martha 

1877 Throop, Minnie L. 

1877 Throop. William 

1873 Tiffany. Kiltie M. 

1874 Tilton, Annie M. 

1861 Tipple, Sar;ih 

1866 TUsworth, Rebeccas. 

1867 Tobey, Nellie M. 

1879 T(mer, EM a E. 

1875 Tower. Hattie M. 
1&72 Trimingham, Julia S. 

1869 Unna, Henrietta 

1875 Vaughan. J. Charles 

1859 Vanpell, George H. 

1878 Vernon, Willett M. 



1872 
1864 
I879 
I860 
1862 
I87I 
I879 
18:0 



White, Ella A. 
White, Josephine L. 
White, Katie 
White. Marv A. 
White. William H. 
Whitehead. Caroline M. 
Whitehead. Jane E. 
Whitehead, William M. 
Whitman, Clara M. 
Whitman. M .ly H. 
Whitney, Eugene W. 
Whitney. Fannie 
Whitteniore, Clara E. 
Wiggins. Mary S. 
Wight. Ambrose S. 
Wilce, Emeline A. 
Wilcox, Jennie A. 
Wilkins. Marv 
Willard, Charles D. 
Willard, Isabella J. 
Willard, .Tohn H. 
Willard, Joseph H. 
Willard. Katie M. 
Willard. Monroe L. 
Willard. Susan M. 
Willden. John E. G. 
Williams Edward M. 
Williams, Sarah M. 



1876 
1873 
1873 
1867 
1864 
1879 
1868 
1867 
1874 
1872 
1877 
1868 
1878 
1867 
1874 
1877 
1871 
1869 
1873 
1864 
1870 

18,-i9 
1861 
1870 
1859 
1871 
1878 
1867 
1869 
1865 
1878 
1878 
1865 

1872 



Stevens Harry S. 
Stevens, Minnie E. 
Stewart, E. Daisy 
Stewart, Nannie 
Stoddard, Iri ne E. 
Stone, Carrie C. 
stone, Carrie K. 
Stone, George N. 
Stone, Homer F. 
Stone. Ornnmd 
Stow. Charles M. 
Strasburger, John B. 
Straus, Simeon 
Strickland. Jennie 
Stubbs, Coriniie 
Sullivan. M.iry C. 
Sumner, Harriet E. 
Sutliffe, Edgar C. 
Sweet. Annie 
Swift, Josephine 
Synon, Mary J. 

Trimingham, Louise J. 
True, Albert W. 
True, Charles J. 
Tullis, Alice B. 
Turner, Cliarles W. 
Turner. Ella B. 
Turner, (Jeorge E. 
Turner, Nettie P. 
Tustin. Annie M. 
Tustin, Emma P. 
Tustin, Lizzie R. 



Young, Emilie M. 



1879 Young. Hugh C. 



1872 VonHorn, Augusta 
1876 

1863 

1889 Williamson, Nevada A. 

1876 Willis. E win J. 
1875 Willson, George W. 
1875 Wilsey, AdaC. 
1875 Wilson, Agnes 

1^61 Wilson, Anna M. 

1861 Wilson, Henrv B. 

1>68 Wil.son. John"C. 

1874 Wilson. Sophia R. 

1877 WMItberger. Charles L. 
1871 Winans. Frank E. 

1875 Wing, Thomas W. 

1873 Wiiigiave. M. Grace 
1879 Wiiikl. man. Prudv K. 
1863 Wolf, Albeit H. 

1870 Wolf. Henry M. 
1879 Wood, Benjamin F. 
1869 Wood, Nellie 

1879 AVoodbridge. John 

1863 Woodruff, Ella A. 

1876 Woods. Maggie E. 
1861 Woolley, Stella S. 
1866 Wright. Fannie C. 

1871 Wright, Isabella 
1861 Wright, Sarah C. 
1871 Wurts, Albert S. 
18.59 Wurts, Fanny, 
1872 

I860 Young, William W. 



1868 
1875 
1878 
1876 
1871 
1874 
1874 
1873 
1874 
1867 
1860 
1878 
1872 
1873 
1869 
1875 
1861 
1873 
1878 
1879 
1862 

1873 
1876 
1876 
1869 
1869 
1869 
1862 
1875 
1871 
1874 
1872 



1873 



1871 
1879 
1860 
1872 
1873 
1877 
1878 
1875 
1866 
1861 
1872 
1874 
1865 
1873 
1872 
1878 
1872 
1871 
1869 
1866 
1873 
1876 
1875 
1879 
1860 
1860 
1859 



1868 



Historical Sketches. 



59 



NORTH DIVISION HIGH SCHOOL. 

The North Division High School was organized in September, 1875, in the Sheldon 
School building. Francis Hanford, at that time Assistant Superintendent of Schools, 
being elected principal, Miss Anna M. Byrne, assistant, Mrs. Soph a Cornienti, teacher 
of German. The first class was graduated June 23, 1876, consisting of pupils who had 
been members of trie " High School Class " of the preceding year, which was merged 
into the North Division High School. 

In September, 1877, the Latin language was added to the list of studies, pupils 
being permitted to pursue tlie English studies of the Course, and either Latin or German. 

The following named teachers have been connected with the School : 



PRINCIPALS. 

Francis Hanford. 
Septeml)er, isrri, to June, 18VG. 

ASSISTANTS. 

Anna M. Byrne. James W. Larimore. 

Sopliia I'oriiieuti. Caroline H Meniclc. 

Lizzie N. Cutter. Thonuis O'lMaliony. 

EvaC. Durhin. Mathilde Smith. 



Henry H. Belfleld. 
September, 187(;, to date. 



liOra A. Stiinpson. 
Emma A. Stovvell. 
Ann K. Wincliell. 



The following is an alphabetical list of the Graduates of the North Division 
High School, with the dates of their graduation : 



Mary Abbott 
Victoria C. Adams 
Ida M. Allen 

Emma Baer 
Fred S. BaK-er 
Elvira M. Barclay 
Annie E. Bectiii ' 
Grace Berysou 
Ma Rle E. Blaisdell 
Harry B. Bogg 

Susie O. Canevin 
Abbie A. Cannon 
Teresa A Cannon 
Thomas H. Cannon 
Charles J. Carlson 
Jo:inna Clancy 

Gertrude E. Daniels 
Minnie E. D.irrah 
Jennie Davison 
Jessie R. Davison 

Sarah J. Eaton 
Fannie E. Elder 

Jessie E. Fergus 
Mabel W. Fernald 
liOuise E. Fernow 

Mary Lois Gnge 
Anna (iaibraitli 
Sarah A. (iavm 
("arrie L. Gettleson 
Sarah E. Garrity 

L. Susie Hack 
Michael E. Hally 
Harry K. Hamilton 
Eva A. H irland 
Agnes Harris 
Lizzie Hayde 



1879 Walter H. Allport 
18TT Jennie Amlerson 
1877 Emma Anderson 



1878 
187t) 
1878 
1878 
1878 
1877 
1878 

1877 
1K76 
187fi 
1879 
1877 
1877 

1879 
1877 
1870 
1879 

1876 

1878 



1879 Jennie S. Atwater 

1878 Georgiana M.Austin 

1879 Fred F. Ausiin 



Mary A. Bond 
Belle Booth 
Louisa Borne 
Kate M. J. Bowen 
Sarah Brechbill 
Robert T. Brewer 
Rosalie Bross 

Minnie A. Clancy 
Kiltie D. Clark 
Abraham Co lien 
Rosanna ('onley 
Piissie C. Conley 
W illiam H. Cook 

Anna S. Dawson 
Agnes E. Dew 
Nellie V. Dixon 

Fred E. Eldred 
Willard Elmendorf 



1878 
1878 
1878 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1878 

1879 
1879 
1877 
1877 
1879 
1876 

187C 
1879 
1876 



1877 Joanna i:. Foley 1877 

1878 Delia L. Foskett 1876 

1879 Emma M. A. Frommann 1876 

1877 Mary A. Gibbons 1876 

1877 John M. Gibbons 1878 

1876 Fiorence C. (iill 1878 
1.^79 Lizzie E. (Jlickauf 1879 

1878 EstellaS. Gobel 1878 

1879 Emma Heller 1879 
1878 Nellie F. Henderson 1879 
1878 Carrie Henni ssey 1878 

1877 Sadie Hennessey 18,8 

1878 Mary A, Hennigan 1879 
1877 Emma J. A. Heuermann 1878 



Nettie G. Buck 
Lynora \j. J5iickley 
Catharine A. liucUley 
William L. Bush 
Belle L. Bush 



]\I aggie \. Cook 
Ella J. Cooper 
Km tie A Corey 
L puisa A. Craig 
Sara \j Ciinniiigliam 
Louisa A. Cusliiiig 

Kate Donegal! 
Tlieresa C. Donogliue 
Juliti A. Dundon 



1877 Lawrence M. Eniiis 
1878 



Emit H. Frommnnn 
HattieE. Fuller 



Adolpli G. (ioebel 
Annie C. Goggin 
Millie A. Goodsinitli 
Louise C. (io.ss 
Mary E. ( Jregg 

Minna Heuermann 
Jessie Hibbard 
Hattie S. Higgins 
An^ie Higgins 
Joanna v.. Hogan 
Hattie M. Horner 



1876 

1877 
1878 

1878 
1877 
1879 
1878 
1878 



187 

1877 

1879 

1878 

1879 

1877 

1878 
1879 
1879 



1877 
1878 



l879 
1878 
1879 
1879 

1877 

1879 
1878 
1878 
1879 
1879 
1879 



64 



Public Schools. 



Fallon, Maggie 


1878 


Fisher, Mngeie A. 


1876 


Flynn. Anna Laurette 


1879 


Farnswoitli, Cova A. 


1878 


Fisher, Ottiiie L. 


1876 


Ford. Katie E. 


1877 


FanvU, Annie 15. 


1879 


Fislier, Mary A, 


1877 


Franey, Mary E. 


1877 


FaiSdi), Nora M. 


1879 


Fitch, Walter M. 


1879 


Freund, Belle M. 


1876 


Ferguson, Alexander H. 


1878 


Fitzgerald, Sarah E. 


1877 


Frisbie, Emilie B. 


1879 


Ferguson. Kate 


1877 


Fitzpatrick, Lizzie E, 


1879 


Fullerton, Kittle S. 


1877 


Finney, Walter A. 


1876 


Fleming, Mary E. 


1878 


Fullerton, Mamie G. 


1878 


Gardner, Eleauoi- 


1879 


Gittiiev. Nellies, 


1877 


Good Willie, Carrie G. 


1878 


Gardner. Sarali 


1879 


Giles, Nellie E. 


1879 


Grannan, Maggie M. 


1878 


Garrett. Emma H. 


1878 


Gils. Henry G. 


1877 


Green, Carrie Maud 


1879 


Gault. Beniamin F". 


1877 


Gittleson, Frank A. 


1876 


Green. William C. 


1877 


Gavin, Loiiis? B. 


1877 


Glaser. Rosalie 


1877 


Gregg. Martha 


1878 


Gee, Frances M. 


1S79 


(ioldstein, Fannie 


1877 


Guptill, Nellie A. 


1879 


Gibbons. Mary Angela 


1876 


Go >dkind, Edward \. 


1877 


Guthrie, Maggie O. 


1878 


Giff. Emilie E. 


1879 


Goodman, Laura L. 


1878 


Guthrie, Maggie 


1879 


Hague, Marv A. 


1877 


Heath, Ernest W. 


1876 


Hohmann, Lizzie 


1879 


Hall, Maria E. 


1877 


Hedenberg, Cecilia 


1877 


Holmes, Louis 


1879 


Hamlin, Harry L. 


1878 


Hedenberg, Cherrlll 


1877 


Holmes, Nellie S. 


1877 


Hanimersley. Mary E. 


1879 


Hefter, Hagar 


1878 


Homan, Carrie 


1879 


Hancox. Stephen W. 


1878 


Heggem. AniiaB. 


1879 


Hood, Emma J. 


1877 


Hanna, Koberta 


1879 


Henning, Mary D. 


1878 


Honistein, Leon 


1878 


Hanralian. Julia 


1879 


Henry, Mav G. 


1879 


Hoskins, William 


187& 


Hanson. Kate 


1879 


Herriok. Cliarles 


1878 


Howe, .fames H. 


1876 


Hardy, F;inny W. 


1877 


Hiestaiid, Addie E. 


1879 


Howland. Grace 


1877 


Harkin, Mary 


1879 


Hiest.uid. Emma L. 


1876 


Hudson, Lsabella E, 


1876 


Hawkins m, Amanda W 


1876 


Higlilv, Henrietta S. 


1876 


Hulinir, Alice A. 


1879 


H.ivvkinson, Nellie 


1878 


Hilands, Flora E, 


1879 


Humble, Emilv Belle 


1878 


Hawley, Mmnie E. 


1878 


Hill, Ed. P. 


1879 


Hussander. William S. 


1876 


Hayes. Mary E. 


1879 


Hill, Minnie E. 


1879 


Hutchins, Alice A. 


1878 


Hayes. Sarah J. 


1876 


Hinchman. Emma J, 


1876 


Hutchinson, Douglas W 


1877 


Hazen, Minnie 


1877 


Hogan, Alice A. 


1876 






Ingraliam, Edward 1). 


1878 


Irwin, William E. 


1879 


Iverson, William 


1879 


Jacobus, Orplm 


1876 


Jewett.Carr'e M. 


1878 


Justi, Lizzie 


1877 


Jeninngs, M. Imogene 


1877 


Johnson, Anna A. 


1879 






Kain. Mary 


1878 


Kidston. Jennie B. 


1878 


Kleiz, Sena 


1876 


Keegan. Mary A. 


1879 


Kimball, Clarence B. 


1878 


K' uedson, Ida L. 


1878 


Kemp. Belle L. 


1878 


Kingsley. Mary A. 


1876 


Koener, Carrie 


1877 


Kemp, Lizzie H. 


1879 


Kinney. Bell ■ E. 


1877 


Koester, George F. 


1878 


Kemp. Minnie 


1877 


Kinney, Hattie L. 


1877 


Kohler, George 


1876 


Kessell, Mary E. 


1879 


Kiiisey, Florence 


1877 


Kreis, Adolph 


1876 


La Monte, M;iy 


1878 


Ledden, Minnie A. 


1879 


Livingston, John C. 


187^' 


Lane, Nellie L. 


1877 


Lee. Dena ]\I. 


1876 


Lonergan, Clara 


1879 


Lantry, Emma L. 


1879 


Lemon, Addie 


1879 


Long, Annie E. 


1878 


Law, Nellie L. 


1877 


Leonard, Jennie 


1877 


Long. Florence 


1878 


Law, Saf'ie H. 


1879 


Letz, Emma M. 


1877 


Lovejoy. Hattie E 


1878 


Ledden, H leu C. 


1877 


]>ewis, Lester W. 


1877 


Lyman, Lottie 


1878 


MacDoniild, Belle H. 


1878 


McColluin. Mai-gie B. 


1879 


Mever, Dora 


1878 


Maekey. Nellie 


1878 


McDonouah, Alice C. 


1879 


Michaels, Fannie D. 


1877 


Madden. Mary L. 


1877 


McElrov. Alice M. 


1879 


Mikscli, Flora M. 


1878 


Masee. Belle I. 


1879 


McFadden, C:irrie E. 


1«77 


Miller, 'Miarles Henry 


1877 


Magee, Mu-ion E. 


1879 


INIcFarlan't.Fred W. 


1876 


Miller, Fannie N. 


1877 


Magnus, Emma C. 


1879 


IMc(;arty, Kate B. 


1878 


Miller, Fannie S. 


1879 


Maioney. Nellie 


1879 


Mcliityre, Minnie E. 


1877 


Mi'ler. Louisa B. E. 


1877 


Manning. Hmuotm. E. 


1877 


McLean, Agnes 


is7r. 


Mills, Cora E. 


1879 


Manning, Mary E. 


1876 


McLeish, Lily A. 


1879 


Mole, Frances Elizabeth 


1879 


Marks. Mtitildii M. 


1876 


McMahon, Mary 


1879 


Monroe, William F. 


1876 


Maroney, Marv T. 


1879 


McManus, Lizzie L. 


1879 


Mooiiey. Nellie V. 


1877 


Mason, Josie H. 


1877 


McNanly, Alice S. 


1877 


Moore, Alexia G. 


1878 


Mason, Robert 


1878 


McWade, J hn E. 


1877 


Morehouse. Louise '". 


1877 


Masters, Mittie 


1876 


Meads, Jennie E. 


1876 


Morgan. M. Dora 


1877 


M-isterson. Mary A. 


1879 


Mear. Belle M 


1876 


Morris. Siiiney L. 


1879 


Matthews. Kate I. 


1878 


Meckling. Carrie L. 


1879 


Morse, Ida A. 


1879 


McCann. Lottie 


1879 


l\Iel'ier,\Tohn 


1877 


Moser, Mary 0. 


1877 


McOann. Minnie 


1878 


Meriam, Alice L. 


1877 


MuUin, Ambrose P. 


1879 


McGarthv, Julia 


1879 


Mi-rriman. Mae L. 


1878 


Mullin. Wilham F. J. 


1877 


McCarthv, Marv A. 


1878 


Metzger, Margaret C. 


1879 


Murphy, Teresa M. 


1876 


McOanley, Ella W. 


1879 










Nelson. Carrie A. 


1876 


Niek^on. Maggie L. 


1877 


Norton, Lawrence A. 


1878 


Newcomb, George E. 


1879 


Noll, Augusta E. 


1877 


Nottelraann, Emily 


1879 


Nichols, Celia 


1879 











Historical Sketches. 



65 



OT.iien, Minnie T. 
O'Leary, Michael J. 
Olson, Albertina J. 



1879 Oimsbee, Jennie A. 
1879 Orion, Alice G. 
1878 Orton, Frances B. 



Page, Ella L. 1879 Paul, Jennie M, 

rage, Hannah E, 1877 FaulK, Lillie E. 

I'age, Mary H. 187'8 Peacock, Alice M. 

I'arker, Kellie E. 1879 Peacock, Lizzie A. 

I'atek, Edward J. 1877 Peacock, Maggie J. 

Patterson, JeanieSt.Clair 1879 Pearson, Edward 

Patterson. Lizzie M. 1879 Peek, Edward H. 



Kaffeii, Aggie 1878 

Jtagatz, Lydia 1877 

JJeynolds, Emma D. 1878 

Kicliardson, Clara M. 1878 

Itisley, ]5miTia 1*'. 1877 
Kohertson, Christine W. 1876 

Sanborn, Ida L. 1878 

Sandford, Charles E. 1877 
Sandridge, Cassandra M. 1879 

Schifi, Jiaiinah 1876 

Scliiinmel, llaiina 1879 

Schloesser, Alice H. 1878 
JSehock, Amelia M. L. 1870 

Sclirader, Willie E, 1X79 

Seifried, William ]L 1879 

Shanley, Jane E. 1870 

Sharp, Isabel 1879 

Hhawcross. Isellie 1878 

Sheldon, Minnie L. 1879 

Slierburne, Clara C. 18r9 

Sheriffs, Walter 1879 

Shields, Dora Adelle 1877 

Shipman, Minnie C. 1878 

Talcott, W. O. 1877 

Tapper, Marcina 1879 

Thayer, Willard H. 1878 

Thompson, Clara M. 1877 

Thorson, Hannah 1876 

Tilton, Alice J. 1879 



Robinson, Adelia E. 
Eoche, Katie M. 
Koeder. Ida L. 
liogers, Nellie M. 
Kogeison, Edward J. 
Rommeiss, Pauline J. 

Shoyer, Miriam I. 
Silvius. Hannah T. 
Simmons, Emily 
Simpson. Mary L. 
Sinnoit, Richard .(. 
Skorazinska Natalie H. 
Sniale. Bessie T. 
Smith, Eliza 
Smith, Fred W. 
Smith, Miiia A. 
Smyth, Lizzie A. 
Snyder, Alice E. 
Soeike, HenrvC. 
Sollitt, Fannie E. 
Spafford, J^ettieM. 
Speight, Adelaide 
Spiegel, Hattie V. 

Tobias, IMary J. 
Tomblin, Miimie Helen 
Tonner, Minnie 
Town, Amelia 
Trichka, Mary A. 
Tucker, Charles "W. 



Van Meenen, Josie E. 1879 Van Ness, Clara M. 



Waggoner, Mary F. 1879 

"Walker, Annie 1879 

Walker, Emilie S. 1877 

Wallciibuig, Lama 1879 

AValsh, Louise J. A. 1S7G 

Walsh, :\Iarv Alice 1877 

Walsh, Nellie E. 1879 

"Walsh, Sara F. 1878 

Walthers. Arthur 1878 

"Ward, ]Manii3 A. 1877 

Ware, Elmer K. 1879 

Warhurst, I^izzic 1879 

Watkins, Nellie 1878 

Watson, Millie M. 1878 

Youdale, Annie 1876 

Zimmerman, Annetta T. 1876 



Watts, George C. 
A\ eber, Samuel J^. 
Welch, Chaniiiiig 
Welch, MaitieT. 
Wells. Fred A. 
Went worth, E.G. 
Wheadon, Alice A. 
Wheadon, Charles F. 
Wheelock, Hattie J. 
White. Joseiilnne M. 
Whitehead, Agnes 
Wicker, Georgia 
Wilbur, Annie T. 
Wilcox, Male Helen 



1879 Ott.IvaL. 1879 

1878 Ottaway, Alice 1879 

1877 

1879 Perrizo, Lillie M. 1878 

1877 Peterman, John L, 1878 
1879 Pierce, Gerald A. 1879 

1878 Pike, Alice 1879 
1876 Pratt. Zoe 1878 

1879 Prendergast, Lizzie C. 1879 
1879 I'ugh, M. Lulu 1877 

1876 Rooks, Emily S. x iS78 

1878 Rounds, Mary P. \ ^8 

1877 Rouudy, Frank C. 1878 

1879 Rudolph, Eugenie 1879 
1877 Rutherford, May Eloise 1878 
1877 Ryan, Joanna E. 1877 

1876 Spriggs, John E. I878 
1879 Stannard, Frank D. 1877 

1877 Stapley, Fannie E. 1878 

1878 Starks. Franlie E, 1878 
1876 Starrett, Lizzie H. 1876 

1878 Stattman, Lillie 1879 

1879 Stedman, Maria M. 1876 

1876 Stevens, Susie C. 1876 

1877 Stewart, Minnie M. 1877 
1879 Stewart. William F. 1876 
1877 Stinson, Ella W. 1877 
1877 Slorer, Hattie M. 1879 
1879 Storey, Kittle B. C, 1879 
1877 Strunk, J. Frank 1877 
1877 Swenie, Emma 1878 

1877 Swift, Emma L. 1877 
1879 Swonson, Annie 1878 

1878 Tuohy, MaryL, 1878 

1879 'J'nrnbull, Aley H. 1877 

1878 Turtle, Julia M. 1876 

1879 Twohig, MamieE. A. 1879 

1877 Tyson, Frank C. 1877 
1879 

1878 Verity, William S. 1878 

1877 Wilcox, Martha R 1877 

1877 Williams, Jane Edwards 1878 

1878 Williams, Sara E. 1877 

1879 Willson, Lottie 1879 
1877 Wilson, Kate 1876 
1877 Winkler, P:mma Minnie 1877 
1876 Wiiiship. Imogene B. 1877 
1876 Winter, George I). 1878 
1876 Wood. Nettie B, 1877 
1870 Woods, Maw A. 1876 

1876 Woods, Nelhe D. 1878 
1879 Worth, Sarah A. 1877 
187-6 Wright, Clara A. 1877 

1877 Wright, Fannie L. 1877 



66 



Public Schools. 



NORMAL SCHOOL. 

The Normal School was established as a Department of the High School at the time 
of its opening, in the Fall of 1856. Its purpose was to prepare young ladies, residents 
of the city, for successful teaching in our Public Schools. 

The Normal Department was made an Independent School in 1871, and so continued 
till 1876, when it resumed its former relation to the High School. During the early 
years of the school, its membership was small; but as the public schools increased in 
number, the membership of the Normal increased in a corresponding ratio. 

For several years after the organization of the High School, the Normal Course of 
two years was largely academic; after the organization of the School of Practice, the 
instruction became more professional in its character, and prior to the suspension of the 
School, no instruction but such as pertained directly to school work was given. 

From the establishment of the High School in 1856, till the Normal Department 
became an Independent School in 1871, the examinations for admission to the Normal 
were identical with those for admission to the Academic Department. From September, 
1870, till the susj^ension of the Normal Department in June, 1877, applicants for admis- 
sion were required to pass a special examination. After the organization of the Division 
High Schools in 1875, examinations for admission to the Normal School were discon- 
tinued, and all graduates of the High Schools were entitled to membership. 

The School of Practice was organized as a part of the Normal School in January, 
1866, to afford its members an opportunity to engage in the actual work of school dis- 
cipline and instruction before graduation. It embraced at first two rooms in the adjacent 
Scammon School building. Subsequently the original number of rooms used for the 
practice work of the Normal was doubled. The Practice School was a most useful 
appendage of the Normal, and contributed largely to the successful teaching of its 
graduates in the public schools of the city. 

The first graduating class of the Normal consisted of one pupil, the last class of 
mne^j/one. 

The following tabular statement shows the number examined and admitted to the 
School from the time it became an Independent School, till its suspension in the year 
1877, also the Average Membership each year, and the number of Graduates: 



Date of 
Examination 

June, 1872 , 

December, 1872 ... 

June, 1873 

December, 1873 ... 

June, 1874 

December, 1874 ... 

June, 1875 

December, 1875 ... 

June, 1876 

December, 1876 ... 
June, 1877 



Number 
Examined. 



68 
14 

69 

*87" 

17 

131 



Number 
Admitted. 



58 
7 
41 
20 
75 

64 



Average Daily 
Membership. 



63 
"92 

lie" 

141' 
"91" 



Number of 
Graduates. 



24 
15 
20 
5 
35 
16 
35 
21 
44 
25 
91 



Historical Sketches. 



67 



The following named Teachers were connected with the Normal School from its 
first opening till the suspension of the School in 1877: 

PRINCIPALS. 

Ira Moore, Edward C. Delano, 

From October, 1856, to July, 1857. From September, 1857, to June, 1877. 



Elhi F. Young. 
Caroline S. A. Wygant. 
Clara Waiker. 



ASSISTANTS. 

Gertrude V. Lord. 
Carrie A, (leClercq. 



Susan Payne. 
Mary A. Lewis. 



The following is an alphabetical list of the Graduates of the Normal 
School, with the dates of their graduation : 



At water, Emma J. 
Atwater, Jennie F. 
Amesbury, Anna M. 
Anderson, Augusta J'^. 

Bailey, Lizzie A. 
Baker, Mattie J. 
Ball, Mary A. 
Bankson, E. Addie 
Barnard, Alice S. 
Barn.iFd, ^lary E. 
Barnard, Alattie A. 
Barnet, l-aboUa M. 
Barker, Sarali A. 
Banyon, Julia 
Bates, Alii'e S. 
Bates, Maggie G. 
Blanks, i,ouisa C. 
Blanks, Emma K. 
Bracken, Emma A. 
Bradley, Sarali A, 
Brainard, Ella 
Beach. Emily \,. 

Cadwell, Caroline 
Caklwcll, Annie J. 
Campbell, Eliza J. 
Campbell. Maiy 
Cannon, .Maggie P. 
Cannon, Abbie A. 
Cannon, 'l"lieresa A. 
Canney, .\liceB. 
Carlisle, Emily 1-. 
Carey, Susie A. 
Carpenter, Mary E. 
Carter. K. Ellen 
Carabine. Hannah W. 
Casey, .Maggie L 
Caster, i..auia E. 
Cavanali, Lizzie A. 
Cliackslield, Georglaua 
Chambers. Bosa 
Cliapin. Carrie E. 

Dalton, Kate 
Dammcrs, Cecilia 
Danforlli, Mary E. 
Davis, .lulia M. 
Davis, Mary A. 
Dawson, Anna S. 
Drake, Sarali E. 
De Golyer, Loreua 

Eaton, Sarah J. 
Edwards, Susie A. 
Edwards, Carrie J. 



1864 Anderson, Jennie S. 1864 

1877 Allen, Jennie 1869 

1864 Allison, MaryL. 1872 

1864 Aspinwall, Caroline S. 1863 

1867 Beardsley, Kuth 1S74 
1870 Beck, Lizzie F. 1877 
1872 Beiigley, Aurelia 1877 
1866 Benson, Bertha 1877 

1872 Benson, Frances E. 1876 

1873 Bergli, Marie S. 1868 

1875 Bevans, Alice 1870 
1869 Brennard, Minnie M. 1873 

1868 Bigelow, HattieC. 1872 
1863 Bird, Manila J. 1869 

1866 Bliss, Enieline N. 1860 

1869 Briggs. liattie A. 1863 

1874 Briggs, Ida M. 1875 

1876 Brine, Emily E. 1871 

1873 Bond, Ellen M. 1874 

1865 Boring, Laura .1. Is65 

1867 Bouglian, Mary J. W. 1876 
I860 Boyce, Eliza C. 1858 

18.59 Clark, Mary i860 

1872 Crane, Emiiia E. 1875 

1869 Crane. Olivia A. 1877 

1872 Cravens, .\nna 1872 

1874 Crawlord, Arvilla I86I 

1877 ("rawford, Lizzie 1866 
1877 Creswcll, JNIary ,[. 18.59 
1877 Creswell, Anna K. 1868 
l«7l Christian, Klizabeili A. 1872 
1877 Christian, Katie .1. 187'4 
1S62 clingmau, Kate 1862 
1S64 Cobb, Eden A. 1865 
1S76 Cocktield, Agues 1875 

1875 Coe, Amelia 8. 1866 

1863 Coe, Clara B. 1871 
1874 Cottee, J-lzzie 1873 

1876 Cole, Elizabeth 1863 
1S71 Cole, Ella C. 1870 

1877 Cole, Certrude O. 1870 

1872 Dickson, Nellie L. 1866 

1874 Dillon, Katie E. 1876 

1874 Diiiet, .loscpliine A. 1862 

1864 Dixon, Nellie V. 187? 
1877 Dodge. Azubali 'I'. 1863 
1877 Dodge, Mary S. 1867 
1864 Donogluic, Minnie A. E. 1877 
1874 Dooley, Mary JM. 1877 

1877 Edwards, Carrie L. 1875 

1867 Evans, Mary A. i863 

1868 Enrlglit, Bridget A. 1867 



Ash worth, Nellie F. 1877 

Armstrong, Henrietta 1862 
Ayers, LillieG. 1876 



Brooks, Emma 1861 

Brooks, Sarah A. 1864 

Brown, Marion 1876 

Buchanan, Sarah .J. 1861 

Buchanan, JNIary 1865 

Bundy, Ada 1874 

Burcky, Louise 1867 

Burns, Annie M. 1877 

Burns, Maggie 1866 

Burns, Mary E, 1877 

Burgess, Agnes D. 1869 

Burke, Margaret 1873 

Burrows, Sarah 1875 

Butler, Adella E. 1864 

Brust, Louisa 1877 

Bryan, Kittie E. 1876 

Byington, Lottie E. 1865 



Compton, Annie M. 1875 

Conistock, Mary E. 1862 

Cook, Anna A. 1868 

Coiiley, Mary A. 1873 

Conway. Kate B. 1876 

Coombs, Eliza J. 1863 

Cooper, Kate E. 1876 

Cooper, Flora "W". 1874 

Coss, Frederika E. 1864 

Coss, Bertha J. 1868 

Costello, Maria L. 1868 

Couch, Mary W. 1874 

Cowan, Kate 1873 

Crowe, Mary A. 1877 

Culver, Jane 1863 
Cunningham, Tberesa E. 1876 

Curie, INIary A. 1872 

Cusack, Nellie 1876 



Dorsett, Ada 1863 

Dougall, Jane 1865 

Dowe, Annie 1877 

Du Four, Agnes 1868 

Duun.IMaryF. 1877 

Dupuy, Virginia T. 1863 

Dupuv, Henrietta 1874 



]';ckstorm, Sophie A. 1876 
luistis, Selena A. 1877 



68 



Public Schools. 



Fallon, Celia S. 1876 

Fairinan, Jennie 1866 

Fair, Kinma J. 1S64 

Fanell, Elizabeth O. iSBa 

Favor. Adelaide 1866 

Flagg, N. Ella 1862 

Flagg. Sarali O. 1863 

Flaven.l^izzie 1867 

Fenimoie, Emma JJ. 1868 

Gattney, Judith A. i860 

GaHney, Mary E. 1864 

Calvin, JSellieM. 1873 

(jarrison, Avi E. i874 

Garrison, Florence N. 1876 

Gavin, 8arah 1877 

Gaylord, Carrie T. 1873 

Glenn, Annie J. 1877 

Green, Mary ]). 1863 

Halket, Maggie 187 1 

Halket, Belie M. Is73 

llamblin, Martha E. 1876 

Hainbrook, Hattie J. 1876 

Hanford, Ella C. 1868 

Hanna, Minnie VV. 1873 

Hannan, Mary F. A, 1874 

Hanton, Kale A. 1875 

Hardiiige, Margaret 1869 

Hart, Mary 1865 

Hart, SaUie 1870 

Hartigan, Mary S. L. i876 

Jlaitney, Lizzie 1^. 1874 

Harvey, Letitia M. 1873 

Ingram, Nellie C. 1876 

Jacobs,Botliella G. 1873 

James, Margaret 1862 

Jamot, yeraphine M. li. 1868 

Jennings, Alice J. 1850 

Jennings, Alinira S. 1864 

Kearney, Lizzie H. 1S71 

Kelly, Kate M. 1874 

Kendall, Lucy 1861 

Kendall, Mary J. I86i 

Kennedy, Elizabeth M. I85S 

Keohane, Marv G. I86I 

Kilie, Kate " 1870 

Lacey, Mary A. 1865 

Laing, Dora B. J 874 

Leiande, Effie 1S74 

Lamb, Ellen V. 1858 

Lamb, Clara E. I86y 

Lamb, Grace A. 1873 

Lane, Clara L. 1863 

Lane, Sara S. 1863 

Lane, Amelia E. 1871 

Lane, Jennie B. 1875 

McAuley, Jennie 1868 

McCabe, Nellie G. 1877 

McCaminon, Minnie 1869 

McCarthy, Kose A. 1865 

McCarthy, Elizabeth 1874 

McCarthy, Maggie M. 1876 

McCarthy, Mary A. 1876 

McDowell, Jennie N. 1873 

McGrath. Frances B. 1861 

McGuire, Jennie F. 1870 

McGraw, Amanda 1869 

McHugh, Maggie A. 1874 

Mcintosh, Lavmia C. 1874 

McKay, Anna B. 1864 

McKay. Nellie V. 1876 



Fenimore, May A. 1876 

Frennd, Behe M. 1877 

Filz, Mary 1876 

Fislier- Maggie A. 1877 

Fislier, OttiiieL. 1877 

Fitzgerald, Joanna A. 1872 

Fitzgerald, Lizzie M. 1873 

Fitzgerald, Mary E. 1875 

Fitzsimnioiis, Mary E. J. 1874 

Green, Flora E. 1867 

Greene, Mary 1873 

Gibbons, Mary Angela 1877 

Gibbons, Mary Althea 1877 

(iilmore, Celia M. 1871 

Ginther, Fredrika W. 1868 

Gritting, Georgia W. 1866 

Gritting, Adelaide A. 1871 

(hoggin, Maggie J.. 1875 

Harvey, Mattie A. 1875 

Hawkiiison, Amanda \V. 1877 

Hayes, 8arah J. 1877 

Haicli, Lizzie T. 1875 

Haicli, Lizzie K. 1863 

Hazelton, Koxami 1863 

Hedenburg, Lsabella A. 1869 

Heerwagen, Louisa 1874 

Heinrotii, Luelia V. 1875 

Helm, Nancy A. 1864 

Hennessy, Mary E. i867 

Henricks, Carrie J . 1876 

Heron, Maiy (-. 187.) 



Frisbie, Helen M. 1875 

Foley, Joanna E. 1874 

Foru.tSarah J. 1873 

Fortune, Maggie F. 1876 

Fox, Jeannie L. 1875 
Fromman, Emma M. A. 1877 
Fuilerton, Marion ». 1874 

Furnald, Mary E. 1866 



Goold. S. Augusta 1860 

Goold, Evaline 1873 

Goold, Isabel F. 1877 

(T0Uld,EdaE. 1868 

Gosselin, Kebecca i860 

Gubbins, Maggie M. l87o 

Gubbiiis, Annie E. 1875 

Gurnev, Alice K. J872 

Guth.TlieresaM. 1868 

Hiestand, Emma L. 1875 

liigliley, Henrietta S. 1877 

Hiiioii, Eva E. i87o 
Hinclilitte, Jeannette O. 1869 

Hinchlitte, Sarah a. 1875 

Hitchcock, Hattie E. 1866 

Hoard, Genevieve 1863 

Hogan, Emma F. 1876 

Hogan, Alice A. 1»77 

Howard, Emma M. i869 

Hudson, Isabella E. 1877 

Hunter, Anna M. 1870 

tliilchings, Charley E. 1869 



Jennings, Annali B. 1864 

Jensen, Miua D. 1875 

Johns, Sophie C. 1868 

Johnson, Eliza A. 1875 

Johnson, Caroline M. 1876 

Kilie, Ellen 1871 

Kilie, Annie 187:i 

King. Laura A. 1866 

Klein. Sena 1877 

Kimball, Ida A. 1876 

Kmgsley, Mary A. 1877 

Kirby, Sarah J. 1861 

Lang, Clara A. L. 1873 

Law, E. Jessie 1874 

La wson, Carrie L. 1877 
Leavenworth, Jessie E. 1863 

Lee, Delia M. 1877 

Leland, Alice E. 1875 

Lennon , Bridget T. 1875 

l^eonard, Ellen E. I866 

Leslie, Isabella 1869 

Lewis, M. Jennie 1877 

McKenzie, Jennie 1876 

McKeon, Lizzie A. 1875 

McFailand, Nettie 1876 

McLean, Agnes 1877 

McManiara, Maiy J. 1874 

McNiel, Mary 1863 

McNuUy, Maggie A 1876 

McWade, Annie E. 1863 

Mackie, Agnes 1866 

Magee, Agnes 1867 

Maher, Julia F. 1869 

Maitlaud, Jennie E. 1871 

Maloney, Jane E. 1876 

Manley, Charlotte A. If^'^y 

Man to id, Mae Vi&'^ 



Johnston, Frances E. 


1860 


Jones, Sarali M. 


187b 


Jones, Ella 


1877 


Josephi, Katie 


1877 


Kirk, S. Ellen 


1868 


Kirk, Jiizzie 


1876 


Kitt, A. Maria 


1876 


Kittell, Minnie A. 


1873 


Kling, Clara 


1876 


Kroeber, J.ouisa 


1875 


Kyle, M. Eugenia 


1877 


Jatka, Louisa C. 


1872 


Jjiviiifision, Anna 


186b 


Livingston, Christine 


1869 


Locke Emma K. 


1867 


Looniis, H. Georgiana 


1863 


Loomis, Lettie 


1865 


Loomls. Elsie V. 


1870 


Lull, Fannie 


1870 


Lum, JdaG. 


1867 


Mann. Mary E. 


1863 


Mann, Mary E. 


1873 


Maiming, Mary E. 


1877 


Manstield, Mary E. 


1875 


Marr, Lizzie 


1876 


Martin, Clara T. 


1877 


Marshall. Sophia J. 


1858 


Marshall, Mary A. 


1868 


Mason, Fannie T. 


1876 


Maxwell, Jennie 


1876 


Mayhew, Ella C. 


1870 


Meads, Jennie E. 


1877 


Mear, Jessie C. 


1876 


Mear, Belle M. 


1877 


Melendy, Ellen K. 


1863 



Historical Sketches 



6.) 



Meriiiiiaii, Maithu A. 
Miller, Hattie A. S. 
Miller, Josophlue E. 
Miller, Alice J. 
Miller, Mary 
Miller. Lizzi(! 
Mills. Ida 15. 
Minnis, Mai v K. 
Mimiis, Anna V. 
Minor, Lizzie A. 

Nangle, Annie L. 
Naraniore, Emily A. 
Naramore, Ida E. 
Nash, Anna A 

Oberlander, Sarah E. 
O'Brien, Mary E. 
O'Brien, Kittle 
O'Brien, Stella J. 

Palmer, Emeline A. 
Palmer, Fannie E. 
Panker, Anna E. 
Park, Inez L. 
Parker. Ida L. 
Patterson, Isabella 
Piatt, Mary J. 
Peacock, Maggie J. 
Peattie, Christine 

Qnigg, Lizzie 

llaffen, Maggie B. 
Rankin. Agnes 
Ranney, Harriet A. 
Reading, Mary J. 
Reed, Laura 
Reed,C;irrie M. 
Reeder. Lizzie 
Regan, Jennie K. 
Regan, Sarah L. H. 
Keilly, Laura F. A. 
Reilly, Julia E. 

St. Clair. Anna 1). 
Sancliez, Helen C. 
Sargent, Julia E. 
Schaefer, Mary T. 
Schnable, Claire E. 
Shanley, JaneF. 
Skaats. Harriet A. L. 
Smale, Elsie V. 
Stafford, Juniata 
Starrett, Lizzie H. 
Strauss, Carrie 
Shelby, Jennie 
Siieldbn, Ella F. 
Sneer, Carrie B. 
skelton, Elizabeth 
Sherwood, Grace INI. 
Sleeper, Carrie O. 

Tapper, Emma 
Taylor, Emma V. 
Taylor, i\I. Lulu 
Thayer, Lizzie D. 
Tenipleton. Jessie <;. 
Tremain, Frank E. 
Tierney, Fannie L. 



1800 


Moakley, Nellie H. 


1876 


Morteiiseu, Hannah S. 


1865 


1863 


Moloney, Mary 


1875 


Moulton, Annie K. 


1861 


1864 


Moody, Georglana 


1862 


Mullins, Elizabeth M. 


1872 


1871 


Mooney. Lizzie 


1870 


Murphy, Margureite 


1870 


1873 


Moore, Carrie A. 


1867 


Murphy, Anna 


1873 


1876 


Moore, Louisa S. 


1868 


Murphy, Anna M. 


1875 


1875 


INIoore, EvaE. 


1870 


Murphy, Klttie 


1877 


1867 


Morey. Lillie E. 


1870 


Murphy, Tessie M. 


1877 


1874 


Morris, Lucy L. 


1876 






1873 


Morse, Mary 0. 


1875 






187.5 


Neighbour, Jemima W. 


1874 


Nirison, Carrie A. 


1877 


1859 


Neighbour. S. Ellen 


1874 


Nye, E. Irene 


1858 


1871 


Neighbour, Jennie H. 


1876 


Nye, Nellie E. 


1877 


I8G9 


Newell, Mary M. 


1873 






18G6 


O'Connor, Mary F. 


1874 


Orb, Sophie 


1876 


1872 


O'Connor, Anna M. 


1876 


Owen, Nancy B. 


1869 


1873 


O'Hara, Jennie 


1870 






1877 


O'Neill, Elizabeth S. 


1877 






1867 


Peck, Helen M. 


1862 


Pinta, Laura E. 


1871 


1875 


Peck. Hattie P. 


1874 


Pittar, Bessie V. 


1872 


1874 


Perdue, Hannah A. 


1877 


Pride. Phebe 


1872 


1873 


Perkins, Myra 


1871 


Powell, Joanna E. 


1872 


1866 


Perkins. Kate F. 


1872 


Powers, Lizzie A. 


1873 


1864 


Phelps, Cornelia 


1865 


Powers, Cora S. 


1875 


1877 


Prendergast, Mary C. 


1874 


Proctor, Hannah E. 


1874 


1877 


Pickard, Fanny M. 


1869 






1871 


Pike, Adelaide S. 


1876 






1874 










1875 


Reunolds, Sylvia 


1875 


Ross, Mary E. 


1861 


1875 


Revell.EmmaC. 


1860 


Rounds, Melissa B. 


1860 


1872 


Ribolla, Charlotte M. 


1874 


Rowan, Frances E. 


1869 


1868 


Rich, Annie C. 


1863 


Rudolpli. Bertha 


1877 


1864 


Rickerson. Lillian 


1874 


Russell Ella M. 


1871 


1866 


Roberts, Hannah 


1877 


Russell, Marion L. 


1874 


1867 


Robertson, Christine W. 


1877 


Russell, Christine 


1876 


1873 


Robinson, Adelia E. 


1877 


Ryan, Delia A. 


1869 


1874 


Rockwe I.Annie E. 


1866 


Ryan, Sarah 


1874 


1809 


Rosenfeld, Jennie 


1877 


Ryan, Libbie A. 


1876 


1873 


Ross, Eva M. 


1867 


Eyan.Mary E. 


1876 


1876 


Speer, Fiances A. 


1863 


Smith. Ellen R. 


1868 


1874 


Stedman, Maria H. 


1877 


Smith. Eliza 


1877 


1875 


Steen, Emma H. 


1876 


Scofield, Mary A. 


1871 


1864 


Steiger, Anna 


1869 


Scoville.Kittie A. 


1876 


1875 


Steiger, Bertha 


1874 


Schioldager, Inger M. 


1874 


1877 


Stevens, M. Lulu 


1873 


Sollitt, Alice E. 


1876 


1873 


Stevens, Susie C. 


1877 


Snow, Lottie L. 


1877 


1869 


Sweiison, Jennie Vr 


1875 


Spooner, Lydia E. 


1867 


1875 


Simpson. Tillie A. 


1871 


Spooner. Hattie F. 


1867 


1877 


Simpson. H. Emma 


1875 


Story, Emma F. 


1869 


1876 


Sinclair, Mary O. 


1861 


Sullivan, Margaret A. 


1869 


1864 


Sinclair, Mary P. 


1865 


Sullivan, Alice M. 


1875 


1874 


Sinclaii-, I>ibbie B. 


1867 


Scully, Jennie 


1876 


1864 


Schiff, Hannah 


1877 


Sutherland, Frank E. 


1864 


1860 


Shipman. Helen 1). 


1869 


Sturtevant, Laura H. 


1869 


1868 


Smith, Elizabetli 


1864 






1873 


Smith, Emma H. 


1864 






1875 


Triniingiiam, Emily L. 


1864 


Thompson, Emma 


1867 


1858 


Trimingham, Elizabeth 


1868 


Thompson, Jennie 


1872 


1873 


Toner. Clara S. 


1871 


Thompson. Mattie W. 


1873 


18fi<) 


Tout. Eliza A. 


1869 


niompson, Mary E. 


1875 


1870 


Thomas, Frederica E. 


1865 


Thome. Leoiia L. 


1877 


1876 


Thomas, Lizzie 


1875 


Tullis. Florence S. 


1867 


1875 


Thompson, Isabella H. 


1861 







Van der Kolk, Gertie S. 1875 



70 



Public Schools. 



Wainwnglit, Jennie 
Waite, Helen M. 
Waite, Ida M. 
Waldo. Anna E. 
Waldo, Cafklie H. 
Walker, Mate E. 
Walker, Oairie (). 
Walker. Clara 
Walsh, Maria E. 
Walsh. Joanna A. 
Walsh, Joanna M. J. 
Walsh. Mary M. T. 
Walsh, Louise J. A. 
Walsh. Mollie J. 
Walsh, Maggie .J. 
Warner, Ellen J. 
Watklns. Anna H. 
Waugh. Sarah 

Youdale, Eliza 
Youdale, Annie M. 



1866 
1867 
1874 

1873 
1874 
18G7 
1876 
1S7C 
1871 
187:2 
1870 
187(! 
1877 
1877 
1877 
1862 
1865 
1871 



Whalen. Annie 
Wert, Minnie E. 
West, Hulda A. 
Wheadon, Minnie E. 
Wheadon, Alice 
Whedon, Lulu M. 
Williams, Lizzie C. 
Williams, Viola A. 
Williams, Melissa A. 
Wilmans. Louise C. 
Wilmans. Mary A. 
Wilcox, Marianne S. 
Wilson, Sarah E. 
Wilson, Kate 
Winchell, Ann E. 
Winchell.HattieN. 
Wingrave, Clara 
Wingrave, Annie E. 



1874 Young, Lizzie M. 
1877 Young, Kate R. 



Zimmerman, Annetta F. 1871 



1877 


Winters. Louisa C. 


1875 


1877 


Withey, Cora 


1876 


1876 


White, Sarah 


1868 


1876 


White, Fannie E. 


1869 


1877 


White, Carrie E. 


1876 


1877 


White, Josie M. 


1877 


1868 


Whitehead, Sarah 


1859 


1872 


WhitehOMd, Agnes 


1877 


1869 


Whittv, Mary R. 


1877 


186!) 


Whittaker, Anna E. 


1875 


1861 


Wright, Emma K. H. 


1864 


1872 


Wright, Jennie M. 


1865 


1869 


Wright. Louisa C. 


1872 


1877 


Wright. Emily A. 


1874 


1858 


Woodford, Susie W. 


1867 


1864 


Woods Mary A. 


1877 


1866 


Wysoon, Sophie 


1874 


1872 


Wysoon. Nettie G. 


1876 


1870 


Young. Kate S. 


1875 


1871 







VOCAL MUSIC. 

The question of Instruction in Vocal Music engaged the attention of the school 
authorities at an early day. 

In December, 1841, the following report was submitted to the Common Council: 

The undersigned, Inspectors of Common Schools of the City of Chicago, and also mem- 
bers of a Committee appointed for the pui'poso, resppcif iilly represent : 

That a meeting of the Inspectors and Trustees of ( 'onuiion Schools of this City was held 
at the office of William .Tones. Esq., on the loth day of December, in order to ascertain and 
examine into the propriety of introducing Vocal Music into the Common Schools of the City. 
Upon a full consideration of tliesul).iect, it was unanimously agreed that the introduction of 
Vocal Music, under the superintendence of a competent teacher, into the Common Schools 
of the City, would be of great importance and tend much to the improvementof the scholars, 
and be of great advantage to the Schools. We therefore respectfully recommend the subject 
to your Honorable Body, and trust that yon will take sucli action in the matter as its 
importance demand-;. 

Signed by N. H. Bolles, Win. .Jones, John Gray and H. S. Ruckcr. 

The first teacher of Vocal Music was Mr. N. Gilliert, who was appointed in 
December, 1841, at a salary of ^16 per montli. 

In September, 184*2, the School Inspectors voted to employ Mr. Gilbert " for six 
months longer, at the rate of $400 per annum, payable when the tax is collected." 

Instruction in Vocal Music was discontinued after the first quarter in the year, 1843. 

In July, 1845, the Committee on Schools of the Common Council report, "that 
the funds for the support: of Schools will not admit of the employment of a Teacher of 
Music in the Common Schools at the present time." 

April 20, 1846. The Committee on Schools of the Common Council, to which 
was referred the subject of enquiring into the propriety and expediency of introducing 
Vocal Music in the Common Schools of the City reported " tliat they do not deem it 
advisable, under the existing claims upon the School Fund, to incur the additional 
expense of employing a Music Teacher." 



Historical Sketches. 71 



The School Inspectors, in their quarterly report submitted to the Common Council 
in September, 1846, inform the Council that 

Snice tlieirlast report permission lias been uranted to a competent Teacher of Music to 
teacli Music in the Schools for a small remuneration afforded him by tiie scholars, or as many 
of them as can or will i)ay ; that tlie scholars are verv fond of this new exercise, and that it 
is believed to exert a most beneficial influence upon their tastes and feelings. 

And in their next (quarterly report, submitted in December, 1846, they say : 

From what we have seen of the influence and effect of introducing Music into our 
Schools as a part of the education of all. we would strongly recommend that a tea -her be 
permanently cmi'loxod to devote his wliole attention to the "several Schools of our City. Mr. 
Whitman has for some months past been giving lessons in Music to a In rge number of scholars 
in the several districts, and the effect has been of the most salutary character. 

In June, 1846, the School Inspectors granted permission to the Choral Union 

Musical Society to occupy the recitation room in the school building in District No. 1» 

for the purpose of singing, 

Provided. They will give a concert under the direction of the Inspectors once a year, 
during the time they may use the room, for the benefit of the Common School Libraries, the 
books to be purchased under the supervision of the Inspectors. 

March 26, 1847. The Committee on Schools of the Common Council, to which 

Iiad been referred the question of enquiring into the expediency of making Vocal Music 

one of the permanent branches to be taught in the Common Schools of the city, and of 

employing a teacher for that purpose, report : 

That ihey would approve of the suggestion to make Vocal Music a permanent branch of 
instruction if the condition of the Schonl Fund would admit of the expense, but that at the 
present time they feel it their duty to report adversely to the payment of a Music Teacher 
from the School Fund. 

Nov. 12, 1847, the following order was passed : 

Ordered. Tliat the School Inspectors be authorized to employ a competent teacher for 
the instruction of Music in the Common Schools in this city for one year, and that the sum 
of .'§250 be appropriated from the School Fund for the payment of ^uch instruction. 

Mr. F. Lombard was appointed about January 1, 1848, as a teacher of Vocal 

Music. 

In April, 1850, the School Inspectors adopted the following resolution: 

Resolved, That instruction in the elementary principles of Vocal Music is desirable in 
all our public schools, and that an approi)iiation of money should be made for the purpose 
of employing a competent Teacher of Music, at as early a day as the finances of the city 
will permit. 

And during the same month a petition was submitted to the Common Council, ask- 
ing that an npproiriation be made for the payment ot a Teacher of Vocal Music, 
signed by the following named School Trustees and School Inspectors : L. B. Boone, 
Isaac Spear and A. Getzler, Trustees of District No. i ; J. A. Wright, Wm. Bross 
and H. Porter, Trustees of District No. 2: Elisha Marks, John Sheriffs and H. H. 
Yates. Trustees of District No. j ; and Henry Smith, Daniel Mcllroy, F. Moseley, 
C. W. Southworth and Andrew J. Brown, School hispectors. 

In July, 1850, the Common Council passed the following order : 

Ordered, That an appropriation of $400 be made out of any money in the City Treasury 
belonging to the School Tax Fund, not otherwise appropriated, to be expended by the Trus- 
tees of I'onmion Scdiools in teacliing Vocal Music in the seveial schools of the city. 

At the meeting held December 14, 1850, the following action was taken by the 

Boai'd of School Inspectors: 

On motion, the term for which the INIusic Teachers in the Public Schools were employed, 
being near its close, 

jRoorocd. That the Board of Inspectors do hereby invite the School Trustees, and all 
others interested in the subject, to visit the different schools on the days during the coming 
week when the music lessons are given, to wit. : School No. l, Tuesday and Thursday; 
School No. 2, Wednesday and Friday ; School No. 3, Tuesday and Thursday ; School No. 4, 
Wednesday and Friday . 



7 2 Public Schools. 

Ordered, That the Secretary give due notice to the Trustees to lucot the Inspectors at 
their last meeting tliis month to elect Music Teachers. 

The following is the record of the action taken at the meeting of December 28, 
1850: 

A large majority of the Trustees and Inspectors having met pursuant to i)ublic notice, 
for the purpose of electing a Music Teacher or Teachers, for the Public Schools, Mr. Elisha 
Clark was called to the chair, 

And, on motion, proceeded to ballot for a teacher, and. Mr. Lombard receiving the 
largest number of votes was declared duly elected, and directed to taUe charge of the 
musical instruction of the four Schools, for the term of six months. 

On motion. Resolved, That the time to be occupied in teaching Music shall he half an 
hour in the lower room of each school, and three quarters of an hour in the upper room of 
each school, and that the rudiments of Music be taught in both departments of each school. 

In April, 1851, the Board of Inspectors adopted the following resolution: 

Resolved, That in the opinion of tliis Board, the teaching of Music in our Public Scliools 
is of great benefit ; we therefore recommend an appropriation for a Teacher of Music for 
the coming year. 

At the meeting of May 30, 1851, the Common Council passed an order appropri- 
ating the sum of $400 for the purpose of teaching Vocal Music in the Public Schools of 
the city. 

April 19, 1852, the salary of the Teacher of Vocal Music was advanced from ^400 
to ^500 per annum, in consideration of his services at the two new buildings recently 
opened, the Franklin and Washington. 

Mr. Frank Lombard continued in charge of instruction in Vocal Music till Decem- 
ber, 1853, and was succeeded by Christopher Plagge. Mr. Plagge resigned March, 
1854, and was succeeded by Mr. J. L. Slayton, who served till July, 1856. In Septem- 
ber, 1856, Mr. William Tillinghast was elected Teacher of Vocal Music at a salarj' of 
$1,000 per annum, and remained till the middle of October, 1860. 

October 27, 1860, on motion of Mr. Moseley, it was voted, " that it is inexpedient 
to appoint a Teacher of Music at the present time." 

July 1, 1862, a special Committee on the employment of a Music Teacher, report 
unfavorably to the employment of a Teacher of Music, on account of the condition of 
the finances of the city. 

September 29, 1863, a report is made recommending that the Board pay $500 per 
annum toward the salary of a Teacher of Music, and that the balance be made up by 
subscription. 

November 3, 1863, Mr. Charles Ansorge was appointed Teacher of Vocal Music 
for the High School, the Board to pay $50 per annum toward his salary ; and Mr. 
Orlando Blackman was elected Teacher of Music for the Grammar and Primary Schools, 
the Board to pay $450 per annum toward his salary. 

October 15, 1864, the salary of Mr. Blackman is fixed at $1,400 per annum. 
Mr. Ansorge resigned January 31, 1865, 

October 31, 1865, an appropriation of $600 per annum was made for the employ- 
ment of an additional Teacher of Music, and Mr. Edward £. Whittemore was 
employed, his services at the time being confined to three days per week. 

The Committee on Music, in their Annual Report for the School Year ending 

July 8, 1869, speaks of the instruction in Vocal Music, as follows : 

In M;irch, iSai, Mr. Bhickmau asked the Board for permission to instruct the Primary 
Teachers in singing, and also to arrange work for them to give to their pupils. Tliis permis- 
sion was granted. A Graded Course in Singing was then arranged for the Primary Schools. 



Historical Sketches. 73 

Two yoaiH since, ]\lr. E. E. Wliitteinoie took the entire chariic of Music in the Gram - 
mar Deijartmeni,. and fixed two grades, namely, tlie third and fourth, the two highest gradRS 
reviewing ihefourtli and studyniRtlie tliird,tli'e two lowest grades beginning at the fourth. 
One year since, two other grades were added, and each grade in the department took up the 
work allotted to it. 

Tliis completed the grading of the Course of Instruction in Vocal Music, in the 
Grammar and Primary Grades, since which time, September, 1868, the Schools have all 
worked upon a systematic Course of Instruction in this branch. 

The class instruction is given entirely by the regular teachers, the Special Teacher 
of Music furnishing the teachers with the exercises to be used in their respective grades 
and supervising the work of the teachers. 

At the annual election of Teachers in June, 1875, Mr. Whittemore declined a re- 
election owing to failing health, since which time Mr. Blackman has had the entire 
charge of the Instruction in this branch. 



DRAWING. 



The question of instruction in Drawing as a branch of study in the Public Schools 
does not appear to have taken any definite shape till toward the year 1869. 

The Superintendent of Schools, in the Twelfth Annual Report of the Board, for the 
School Year 18G5-6, speaks of the subject as follows : 

This bran'-h of study has been quite generally neglected in our Schools, at least so far 
as systematic instructioii Is concerned. Some of our Principals, feeling the importance of 
the study and the practice, have exi)erimented upon a Graded Course in Drawing, with 
special reference to the Primary Grades. 

He then speaks of a Course adopted in the Brown School, taken from the Barthol- 
omew Series of Drawing Books, and recommends the Board to make some provision 
for supplying the schools with some series of Graded Lessons in Drawing, and also 
recommends the employment of a Teacher of Drawing for the Grammar Grades. 

The next reference to the subject of Drawing In the Public Schools is in the Four- 
teenth Annual Report of the Board, for the School Year 1867-8, in which the Super- 
intendent of Schools says : 

As in Reading so in Drawing, I have endeavored, through the Institute, to make avail- 
able the valiuible services of a teacher specially fitted for that work. Miss A. E. Triminghani, 
Teacher of Drawing in tlie High School has given Teachers instruction, so far as the lin-.ited 
time would allow. "TIk; little that was accomplished made the importance of a Teacher of 
Drawing for our Grammar and Primary Schools evident. Mr. Scribner has given some atten- 
tion to the Art of Penmanship, and shall its sister Art of Drawing be entirely neglected? 

The Committee on Text Books and Course of Instruction, in their Report presented 
March 30, 1860, recommend that 

Bartholomew's Drawing Cards be made use of by the teachers, aset to be purchased for 
and furnished to each school. 

When this report came up for consideration. May 4, 1869, Bartholomew's Drawing 
Books were adopted as text books to be used by pupils in the Public Schools. 

The Instruction in Drawing as given in the schools not proving satisfactory, the 
Committee on Text Books and Course of Instruction, in their report submitted April 5, 
1870, recommend that the study of Drawing be dropped from the list of studies taught 
in the District Schools. Upon the consideration of this recommendation. May 3, 1870, 
the subject was re-committed to the Committee, with instructions to report back to the 
Board. 



ij/\. Piihlic Schooh. 

Novemljer 1, 1870, the Committee on Text Books and Course of Instruction report 
adversely to the continuation of the study of Drawing as now taught in tlie District 
Schools, which recommendation was adopted November 15, 1870. At the same meet- 
ing, however, the question of the employment of Teachers of Drawing was referred to 
the Committee. The Committee conclude their report on this subject, presented 
December 6, 1870, as follows: 

Your Committee woulrt therefore recommend that two teachers be employed for tlie 
remainder of the year to superintend the Drawing, and that two lessons per week be given 
In eacli of the first six grades, the time iind lengtli of the lessons to be regulated by a 
prograumie, to be drawn up under the direction of the Principals of the several schools. 

This report was adopted at the same meeting, and at the meeting of December 20, 
1870, the Committee recommended the employment of Misses Clai-a F. Currier and 
Mary Starr, at a salary of ^1,000 per annum, each. This recommendation was adopted 
at the same meeting by a vote of 12 to 1. 

Misses Currier and Starr resigned during the summer vacation of 1872, and the 
vacancies .-caused by their resignation were filled August 27, 1872, by the election of 
Misses Carrie E. Powers and Julia H. Arms. 

Miss Arms resigned in August, 1874, and the vacancy was filled by the election 
of Mrs. Natalie Roemheld, who filled the position till the close of the Winter Term 
of 1875. 

The Bartholomew ."^eries of Drawing Books remained in use till the close of the 
School Year, 1873-4, when they were replaced by the Walter Smith System of Free 
Hand Drawing, which is now in use. 

The publishers of the Walter Smith System furnished a teacher, Mr. O. J. Pierce, 
free of cost to the city, during the School Year, 1874-5, to give the regular teachers a 
thorough Course of Instruction in the System. Mr. Pierce also took charge of the 
Instruction in Drawing in the Normal School duiing this year. In July, 1875, Mr. 
Pierce was elected Superintendent of Instruction in Drawing at a salary of $2,000 
per annum. 

At the close of the School Year 1875-76, in consequence of an order of the Common 
Council requiring a general reduction of twenty-five per cent, in the expenditures of the 
city, the employment of a Superintendent of Instruction in Drawing was discontinued, 
and at the opening of the schools in September, 1876, the publishers of the Walter 
Smith System, in order that the study of Drawing might not be interfered with by such 
action, furnished a special Teacher of Drawing, Mrs. Elizabeth F. Dimock, at their 
own expense, to take charge of the instruction in this branch. Mrs. Dimock continued 
in chai'ge of the Instruction in Drawing till July, 1877, when she was elected by the 
Board, Special Teacher of Drawing lor the ensuing School Year, at a salary of $1,500 
per annum. Mrs. Dimock has remained in charge of thh Instruction of Drawing since 
that date to the present time. 



INSTRUCTION IN GERMAN 

IN THE DISTRICT SCHOOLS. 

The initiative step towaid the introduction of the study of German in the Public 
Schools of Chicago below the High School was taken in May, 1865, by the adoption of 
the following resolution presented by Mr. Lorenz Brentano; 



Historical Sketches. 75 

" Rc&olvtd, That a committee of tlnee be appointed by the Chair to eiuiuire into the 
expediency and propriety of introducing a Course of Instruction in the German Language 
ill tlie Public Schools of the City of Chicago." 

The Chair appointed Messrs. L, Brentano, George C. Clarke and S. S. Hayes to 
constitute this Committee, who reported July '), 1865. Their report closes as follows : 

" Your Committee liolieve tliat the introduction of lessons in the German language is at 
least worthy of a fair trial, and therefore beg leave to present the following resolutions : 

" Resolved. That the instruction in the German language shall be a part of the course of 
tuition in the Public Schools of the City of Chicago. 

"ii*exo?i-e(?. That such Instruction shall be given as soon i;s practicable in at least one of 
the District Schools ot each Division of the City. 

" Resiilird, That the Committee on Text-Books and Course of Instruction l)e, and they 
are, hereby instructed to select one school in each of the three Divisions of the City, in 
which school, uistnictiou in the German language shall be given to all the pupils whose 
parents or guardians desire it. prm'ided that at least sixty pupils of such school shall be 
willing and desn-ous to attend to lessons in German." 

The report of the Committee was considered by the Board at the meeting of July 
lo, 1805, and, after discussion, Mr. James F. Ballantyne offered the following resolu- 
tion to take the place of the recommendation of the Committee, which was adopted, to 
wit: 

" Re.'tolred, That the report on the introduction of the German language as a branch of 
instruction into our Public Schools be referred back to the Committee, with instructions to 
consider the proprietv of making the experiment in one*of the District Schools of the City, 
and that said Committee be prepared to make a report at the next meeting of this Board, 
in which they shall designate the school In which they deem it expedient to make the 
expernnent with the expense which said experiment shall incur." 

The Committee reported on this resolution August 1, 1865, recommending that the 
experiment be made in the Washington School, in the West Division of the City; which 
recommendation was adopted, and a class was formed in this school in October, 1865, 
under the charge of Mrs. Pauline M. Reed. Instruction was given to pupils in all the 
grades except the two lowest grades. 

In April, 1866, Mrs. Reed was transferred to the High School to take charge of the 
instruction of French and German in said school, and Mrs. Caroline McFee took charge 
of the class in German at the Washington School. 

At the meeting of the Board, June 12, 1866, the Committee on German reported 
that 115 pupils were pursuing the study of German in the Washington School, pro- 
nounced " the undertaking a perfect success," and expressed themselves as having " no 
doubt that this Board would be fully sustained if the German language were at once 
introduced in all the Distiict Schools," and closed their report as follows : 

" Your Committee, although not yet prepared to recommend such action, have come to 
the conclusion that the experiment ought to be considered sufficient and satisfactory, and 
pronounced a success, and that the Course of Instruction in German, which is at present 
limited to the Washington School ought to be extended to at least one school in each of the 
three Divisions of the City, with the privilege of a further extension if the parents or 
guardians of at least sixty pui)ils should signify their earnest desire that their children or 
wards might be alfordcd an ()pi)ortunity to learn German. 

"Your Committee would respectfully recommend as schools in which German shall 

be introduced at the beginning of tlu^ ensuing School Year, the School in the 

South Division, and the School in the North Division, and that in the other 

schools provision for the insiruction in the German language be made as soon as the requisite 
number of iiujiils shall be willing to particii)ate in such instruction." 

The recommendations of the Committee were adopted at the same meeting, except 
that it was required for the introduction of the study into other schools than the single 
t)nes designated for each of the Divisions of the city, that the parents or guardians of 
at least one hundred and fifty pui>ils, instead of sixty pupils, should signify their earnest 
desire that their children or wards be afforded an opportunity to pursue the study. 

At the meeting of July 10, 1866, the Franklin School was designated as the school 



76 



Public Schools. 



in the North Division of the city in which the study should be introduced, and the 
Moseley School in the South Division of the City. At the same meeting the Board 
voted to introduce the study in the Nevi'berry School in the North Division, and in the 
Wells School in the West Division of the City, the parents and guardians of the 
requisite number of pupils having expressed a desire that their children or wards be 
permitted to take up the study. 

The Committee on Germans report at the close of the year that 700 pupils are 
pursuing the study in the District Schools, and recommend that the teachers of German 
hold Monthly Institutes in order to discuss methods of teacliing, and thus secure greater 
uniformity in carrying forward their work. 

The study was introduced into the Cottage Grove School in May, 1868; in the 
Kinzie School in September, 1868; in the Carpenter School in January, 1869; in the 
La Salle Street Primary School in January, 1870 ; and in the Haven School in May, 
1870. 

At the close of the School Year 1869-70, the Committee on German reported that 
the number of pupils pursuing the study in the District Schools during the Summer 
Term was 2,597. 

The study was introduced into the Skinner School in September, 1870; in the 
Scammon School in October, 1870; in the Lincoln School, in January, 1871. At the 
close of the year the Committee on German report that 4,207 pupils are studying 
German in the District Schools; 1,441 of whom were in Grammar Grades, and 2,856 in 
Primary Grades. 

The study was introduced into the Ogden School during the month of September, 
1871. The Great Fire of October, 1871, caused a suspension of the study tilt the 
following January. At the close of the School Year, in June, 1872, 2,359 are reported 
to be pursuing the study ; this reduction in numbers is owing to the fact that several of 
the buildings in the North Division of the City where the study had been taught, were 
destroyed by the Fire, and had not yet been re-built. Of the 2,359 pursuing the study 
during the year, 871 were in Grammar Grades, and 1,488 were in Primary Grades. 

The Committee on German, in their Annual Report published in the Nineteenth 
Annual Report of the Board for the year ending June, 1873, recommend that the 
instruction in German in the District Schools be graded, and that pupils be required to 
pass an examination on this study the same as in English studies in passing from grade 
to grade, and in order to secure a thorough grading and uniformity of instruction that a 
Superintendent of German be appointed, and also that the study be discontinued in the 
Primary Grades. They report 3,724 pupils pursuing the study during the year. 

At the meeting of the Board, May 26, 1874, Miss Regina W. Shauer was elected 
Superintendent of the Instruction of German at a salary of $1,000 per annum. The 
Committee in their Annual Report at the close of the School Year, June, 1874, report 
that 2,694 pupils have pursued the study during the year, 1,604 of whom were in 
Grammar Grades, and 1,090 in Primary Grades. During the year a Graded Course of 
Study in German was prepared with special reference to its adaptation to the English 
Course, which was adopted and used at the beginning of the School Year, in Septem- 
ber, 1874. 



Historical Sketches. 77 



The study was taken up in the Brown and Dore Schools in October, 1874. At 
the close of the School Year 3,359 are reported as reported as pursuing the study during 
the year, of whom 1,837 were in Grammar Grades, and 1,522 in Primary Grades. 

During the Fall of 1875, the number of Grades in the English Course was reduced 

from ten Grades to eight Grades, the first four Grades being called Primary, and the 

last four Grammar Grades, and at the same time the following action was taken with 

reference to the study of German : 

" Instruction in German in tlie schools when It is hitroduced sliall be given to the Gram- 
mar Grades only ; wlien the pupils pass from the fourth to the liftli Grade, it shall be tlie 
option of the parent or guardian to designate wliether sncli pupil sliall have the benefit of 
instruction in German or not during the term of the Grammar Course." 

The Committee at the close of the School Year 1875-76 report that 2,706 pupils 
had pursued the study during the year in the District Schools, 580 of whom were in 
Primary Grades; and at the close of the School Year 1876-77 they report that 1,806 
have pursued the study. The study was confined entirely to Grammar Grades this year, 

The Committee on German, in their Annual Report for the School Year 1875-6, 
recommend the adoption of the system in use in the Cincinnati Schools, where the 
Teachers in this Branch are not .Special Teachers for instruction in German only, but 
who are also qualified to teach the English branches. The schools in which the study is 
taught being divided into English classes and German classes, the pupils of the 
English classes pursue the English studies only, and the pupils of the German 
classes pursue both English and German studies. The German classes are instructed 
by the teachers of German during the forenoon, using during this time the German 
language entirely in the class instruction, while the English teachers have charge of 
the English classes; and diiring the afternoon the classes change teachers, the 
English classes are taught in English by the German Teachers who are fully 
qualified to teach both languages, and the German classes by the English Teachers. 
This change has been urged by the Committee from year to year since that lime, but 
the instruction has not yet assumed fully this character, although it has been partially 
tried in at least one of the schools. 

At the meeting of August ',), 1877, the Board authorized the introduction of the 
study into the King School, the study was also introduced in the North Clark Street 
School during this year. 

At the Annual Election of Special Teachers, held July 11, 1878, Mr. Gustav A. 
Zimmermann was elected .Special Teacher of German to succeed Miss Shauer. The 
Committee report the number pursuing the study during the School Year 1877-78, at 
1,912. 

During the Fall Term of 1878, the study of German was introduced into the 
Calumet Avenue School. 

At the close of the School Year 1878-79, the study is taught in eighteen of the 
District Schools as follows : six in the North Division — the Kinzie, the Franklin, the 
Ogden, the Newberry, the Lincoln, and the North Clark Street School; four in the 
South Division — the Mosely, the Haven, the Cottage Grove, and the Calumet Avenue 
Schools ; and eight in the West Division — the Scammon, the Washington, the Brown, 
the Wells, the Skinner, the Dore, the Carpenter, and the King School ; with a total 
number pursuing the study during the year of 825 in the North Division of the city; 
of 423 in the South Division; and 801 in the West Division. 



78 Public Schools. 



EVENING SCHOOLS. 

The fiist experiment of organizing Free Evening Schools was made during the 
Winter of 1856. The sessions of the school were held in the West Market Hall, on 
West Randolph Street, between Desplaines and Union streets, three evenings each 
week, under the charge of Daniel S. Wentworth, Principal of the School No. 3, 
(Scammon School), assisted mainly by Teachers of the Day Schools. The use of the 
Hall was furnished by the city, and the services of the Teachers were gratuitous. The 
School opened with about 60 scholars, the Total Enrolment during the session was 
208, with an Average Attendance of about 150. 

Nothing further appears to have been done toward the support of Public Evening 
Schools till the Winter of 1863. The school was opened in. the Dearborn School 
building on Madison street, between State and Dearborn streets, on the eighth day of 
January, 1863, and remained in session till March 23, 1863. The sessions of the 
School for Males were held on Monday, Wednesday and Friday evenings; and those 
. of the School for Females were held on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday evenings. 
The Total Enrolment during the session was 294 males and 189 females; the Average 
Attendance was 146 males and 74 females; and the cost, being for services of Teachers 
only, was $389. 

The school was re-opened November 9, 1863, and remained in session till March 
5, 1864. The Total Enrolment during this session was 721; with an Average Attend- 
ance of 186 ; and a cost of !p767.10. 

The first appropriation made by the Common Council directly for the support of 
Public Evening Schools was during the Fiscal Year 1864-65, when an appropriation of 
$5,000 was made for this purpose, to be paid from the General Fund. 

This appropriation enabled the Board of Education to enlarge the system of 
Public Evening Schools, and in the Fall of 1864 Evening Schools were opened in the 
Franklin School building in the North Division of the city; in the Dearborn and 
the Haven School buildings in the South Division of the city; and in the Washington 
and Foster School buildings in the West Division of the city. 

The Evening Schools were continued each year from 1863 to 1871, when, owing 
to the Great Fire, they were broken up, and no appropriation was made by the Council 
till 1873. They were re-opened in the Fall of 1873, and with the exception of the 
year 1876, they have been kept in operation from ten to fourteen weeks each year till 
the present date. 

In the Fall of 1868, an Evening High School Class was formed under the charge 
of Mr. Selim H. Peabody, a teacher in the High School, in which instruction was 
given in the higher mathematics, bookkeeping, mechanical philosophy, and mathe- 
matical drawing. These Evening High School Classes were continued in connection 
with the Evening School till the Great Fire in the Fall of 1871, a few weeks after 
the opening of the Evening Schools for that year. Up to this time the Evening High 
School Class held its sessions in the Dearborn School building. The sessions of 
the Evening High School Class were not resumed until the Fall of 1874, when tliey 



Historical Sketches. 



79 



were held in the frame building on the High School lot. During the sessions of 
1877 and 1878, the study of short hand was introduced in the Evening High School 
Classes. 

The following tabulated statement shows the date of the opening of the Evening 
Schools each year, the length of the sessions, the total enrolment of pupils, the 
average attendance, the total cost, and the cost per pupil based on the average 
attendance. 

The number of weeks the Evening Schools were in session refers to the schools 
in which the ordinary branches were taught. For a portion of the time the Evening 
High School Class was continued a few weeks longer each year. 



DATE OF OPENING 



Januaiy, 1856 

January 8, 186:] 

November 9, 1868.. 

October 24, 1864 

November \?>, 1865, 
November 13, 1866, 
September 30, 1867, 
September 21, 1868 
September 20, 1869 
September 23, 1870 
September 22, 1873 
September 21, 1874 

October 5, 1875 

September 10, 1877 
October 7, 1878 



Number 
of Weeks 
in Session 



12 
16 
11 
14 
13 
16 
14 
12 
14 
13 
14 
10 
14 
10 



Total 
Knrolment 



208 
483 
721 
1,892 
2,384 
3,212 
3,653 
3,003 
3,828 
3,361 
2,694 
2,396 
3,241 
3,245 
2,360 



Average 
A.tten(1'nce 



150 
220 
186 
736 
751 
937 
935 
1,005 
1,121 
849 
785 
681 
1,076 
848 
730 



Total Cost 
for the 
Session . 



% 389.00 
767.10 
4,849.98 
7,240 00 
6,907.48 
9,163.12 
9,521.91 
9,938.07 
7,054.53 
6,816.63 
7,173.62 
6,995.50 
7,511.28 
4;765.83 



tlost pel- 

Pupil in 

Average 

Atteiulaiice. 



Graiuitous. 

P 1.77 
4.12 
6.59 
9.64 
7.50 
9.80 
9 47 
8.87 
8.34 
8.69 
10.54 
6.50 
8.86 
6.53 







LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

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